| Literature DB >> 32132541 |
David Gokhman1, Malka Nissim-Rafinia2, Lily Agranat-Tamir2,3, Genevieve Housman4,5, Raquel García-Pérez6, Esther Lizano6, Olivia Cheronet7, Swapan Mallick8,9,10, Maria A Nieves-Colón4,5, Heng Li8, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg9, Mario Novak11,12, Hongcang Gu8, Jason M Osinski13, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal6, Pere Gelabert6, Iddi Lipende14, Deus Mjungu14, Ivanela Kondova15, Ronald Bontrop15, Ottmar Kullmer16, Gerhard Weber7, Tal Shahar17, Mona Dvir-Ginzberg18, Marina Faerman19, Ellen E Quillen20, Alexander Meissner8,21,22, Yonatan Lahav23,24, Leonid Kandel25, Meir Liebergall25, María E Prada26, Julio M Vidal27, Richard M Gronostajski13,28, Anne C Stone4,5,29, Benjamin Yakir3, Carles Lalueza-Fox6, Ron Pinhasi7, David Reich8,9,10, Tomas Marques-Bonet6,30,31,32, Eran Meshorer33,34, Liran Carmel35.
Abstract
Changes in potential regulatory elements are thought to be key drivers of phenotypic divergence. However, identifying changes to regulatory elements that underlie human-specific traits has proven very challenging. Here, we use 63 reconstructed and experimentally measured DNA methylation maps of ancient and present-day humans, as well as of six chimpanzees, to detect differentially methylated regions that likely emerged in modern humans after the split from Neanderthals and Denisovans. We show that genes associated with face and vocal tract anatomy went through particularly extensive methylation changes. Specifically, we identify widespread hypermethylation in a network of face- and voice-associated genes (SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, NFIX and XYLT1). We propose that these repression patterns appeared after the split from Neanderthals and Denisovans, and that they might have played a key role in shaping the modern human face and vocal tract.Entities:
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Year: 2020 PMID： 32132541 PMCID： PMC7055320 DOI： 10.1038/s41467-020-15020-6
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nat Commun ISSN： 2041-1723 Impact factor: 14.919