Manosonication extraction of RG-I pectic polysaccharides from citrus waste: Optimization and kinetics analysis.

To better understanding the potential of manosonication to accelerate the extraction of RG-I pectic polysaccharides from citrus wastes, alkaline-mediated manosonication extraction (MSE) was optimized using a Box-Behnken design, and the extraction kinetics model was analyzed. The single-factor method revealed that NaOH significantly impacted on the yield and RG-I characterizations (Rha mol% and (Gal+Ara)/Rha ratio), whereas other factors were focused on influences of yields. In the developed quadratic polynomial model, the maximum extraction yield of 25.51 ± 0.81 % was obtained with sonication at 42 ℃, 40 % amplitude, and 250 kPa for 20 min. The kinetics study demonstrated that MSE facilitated the extractability, dissolution and degradation of pectin, resulting in the highest extractability of 27.83 % compared with ultrasonic extraction (22.86 %) and alkaline extraction at high (24.71 %) and low temperature (20.21 %). Rheology and thermal analyses verified the change in polymerization by MSE and the potential functional applications of the RG-I pectic polysaccharides.