William Stokes1, Jad Ramadan1, Georges Lawson2, F Robert L Ferris3,4, Floyd Christopher Holsinger5, Meghan T Turner1. 1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia. 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Université Catholique de Louvain Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium. 3. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 4. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 5. Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Postoperative hemorrhage is the most common complication of transoral robotic surgery (TORS), the severity of which can range from minor bleeding treated with observation to catastrophic hemorrhage leading to death. To date, little is known about the incidence, risk factors, and management of post-TORS hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic Review and Metanlysis. METHODS: A systematic review of the published literature using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was performed and examined TORS, postoperative hemorrhage, and the use of prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation (TAL). RESULTS: A total of 13 articles were included in the analysis. To date, there have been 332 cases of hemorrhage following a total of 5748 TORS. The pooled median post-TORS hemorrhage rate was 6.47%. The overall incidence of minor and major hemorrhage was 5.29% and 2.90%. Patients with prior radiation (relative risk [RR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-2.12), large tumors (RR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.48-2.99), and those requiring perioperative coagulation (RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.54-3.28) had significantly higher relative risks of hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in the relative risk of overall hemorrhage with TAL. Looking at major hemorrhage, patients undergoing TAL had a large but insignificant relative risk reduction in post-TORS hemorrhage (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.15-1.07). CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-TORS hemorrhage is low (5.78%), and for major hemorrhage requiring emergent embolization, TAL, or tracheotomy to control hemorrhage it is even lower (2.90%). Large tumors, perioperative anticoagulation, and prior radiation were associated with significantly increased risk of post-TORS hemorrhage. TAL does not reduce the overall incidence of post-TORS hemorrhage but may lead to fewer severe hemorrhages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III Laryngoscope, 131:95-105, 2021.
OBJECTIVE:Postoperative hemorrhage is the most common complication of transoral robotic surgery (TORS), the severity of which can range from minor bleeding treated with observation to catastrophic hemorrhage leading to death. To date, little is known about the incidence, risk factors, and management of post-TORS hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic Review and Metanlysis. METHODS: A systematic review of the published literature using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was performed and examined TORS, postoperative hemorrhage, and the use of prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation (TAL). RESULTS: A total of 13 articles were included in the analysis. To date, there have been 332 cases of hemorrhage following a total of 5748 TORS. The pooled median post-TORS hemorrhage rate was 6.47%. The overall incidence of minor and major hemorrhage was 5.29% and 2.90%. Patients with prior radiation (relative risk [RR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-2.12), large tumors (RR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.48-2.99), and those requiring perioperative coagulation (RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.54-3.28) had significantly higher relative risks of hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in the relative risk of overall hemorrhage with TAL. Looking at major hemorrhage, patients undergoing TAL had a large but insignificant relative risk reduction in post-TORS hemorrhage (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.15-1.07). CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-TORS hemorrhage is low (5.78%), and for major hemorrhage requiring emergent embolization, TAL, or tracheotomy to control hemorrhage it is even lower (2.90%). Large tumors, perioperative anticoagulation, and prior radiation were associated with significantly increased risk of post-TORS hemorrhage. TAL does not reduce the overall incidence of post-TORS hemorrhage but may lead to fewer severe hemorrhages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III Laryngoscope, 131:95-105, 2021.
Authors: Andrew J Holcomb; Rachael Kammer; Allison Holman; Tessa Goldsmith; Vasu Divi; Heather M Starmer; Joseph Zenga; Ryan Li; Urjeet A Patel; Jeremy D Richmon Journal: J Robot Surg Date: 2022-08-07
Authors: Xiaotian Wu; David A Pastel; Rihan Khan; Clifford J Eskey; Yuan Shi; Michael Sramek; Joseph A Paydarfar; Ryan J Halter Journal: Ann Biomed Eng Date: 2022-01-07 Impact factor: 4.219