Karl Frontzek1, Manfredi Carta2, Marco Losa2, Mirka Epskamp2, Georg Meisl2, Alice Anane2, Jean-Philippe Brandel2, Ulrike Camenisch2, Joaquín Castilla2, Stéphane Haïk2, Tuomas Knowles2, Ewald Lindner2, Andreas Lutterotti2, Eric Vallabh Minikel2, Ignazio Roiter2, Jiri G Safar2, Raquel Sanchez-Valle2, Dana Žáková2, Simone Hornemann2, Adriano Aguzzi1. 1. From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia. karl.frontzek@usz.ch adriano.aguzzi@usz.ch. 2. From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether naturally occurring autoantibodies against the prion protein are present in individuals with genetic prion disease mutations and controls, and if so, whether they are protective against prion disease. METHODS: In this case-control study, we collected 124 blood samples from individuals with a variety of pathogenic PRNP mutations and 78 control individuals with a positive family history of genetic prion disease but lacking disease-associated PRNP mutations. Antibody reactivity was measured using an indirect ELISA for the detection of human immunoglobulin G1-4 antibodies against wild-type human prion protein. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to analyze differences in autoantibody reactivity between (1) PRNP mutation carriers vs controls and (2) asymptomatic vs symptomatic PRNP mutation carriers. Robustness of results was examined in matched cohorts. RESULTS: We found that antibody reactivity was present in a subset of both PRNP mutation carriers and controls. Autoantibody levels were not influenced by PRNP mutation status or clinical manifestation of prion disease. Post hoc analyses showed anti-PrPC autoantibody titers to be independent of personal history of autoimmune disease and other immunologic disorders, as well as PRNP codon 129 polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenic PRNP variants do not notably stimulate antibody-mediated anti-PrPC immunity. Anti-PrPC immunoglobulin G autoantibodies are not associated with the onset of prion disease. The presence of anti-PrPC autoantibodies in the general population without any disease-specific association suggests that relatively high titers of naturally occurring antibodies are well-tolerated. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02837705.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether naturally occurring autoantibodies against the prion protein are present in individuals with genetic prion disease mutations and controls, and if so, whether they are protective against prion disease. METHODS: In this case-control study, we collected 124 blood samples from individuals with a variety of pathogenic PRNP mutations and 78 control individuals with a positive family history of genetic prion disease but lacking disease-associated PRNP mutations. Antibody reactivity was measured using an indirect ELISA for the detection of human immunoglobulin G1-4 antibodies against wild-type human prion protein. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to analyze differences in autoantibody reactivity between (1) PRNP mutation carriers vs controls and (2) asymptomatic vs symptomatic PRNP mutation carriers. Robustness of results was examined in matched cohorts. RESULTS: We found that antibody reactivity was present in a subset of both PRNP mutation carriers and controls. Autoantibody levels were not influenced by PRNP mutation status or clinical manifestation of prion disease. Post hoc analyses showed anti-PrPC autoantibody titers to be independent of personal history of autoimmune disease and other immunologic disorders, as well as PRNP codon 129 polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenic PRNP variants do not notably stimulate antibody-mediated anti-PrPC immunity. Anti-PrPC immunoglobulin G autoantibodies are not associated with the onset of prion disease. The presence of anti-PrPC autoantibodies in the general population without any disease-specific association suggests that relatively high titers of naturally occurring antibodies are well-tolerated. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02837705.
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