BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV), with increased antigen content compared to standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD-IIV), is licensed for use in people aged ≥65 years. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of HD-IIV and SD-IIV for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalizations. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in an observational vaccine effectiveness study at 8 hospitals in the United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 influenza seasons. Enrolled patients were tested for influenza, and receipt of influenza vaccine by type was recorded. Effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using a test-negative design (comparing odds of influenza among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients). Relative effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 1487 enrolled patients aged ≥65 years, 1107 (74%) were vaccinated; 622 (56%) received HD-IIV, and 485 (44%) received SD-IIV. Overall, 277 (19%) tested positive for influenza, including 98 (16%) who received HD-IIV, 87 (18%) who received SD-IIV, and 92 (24%) who were unvaccinated. After adjusting for confounding variables, effectiveness of SD-IIV was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] -42%, 38%) and that of HD-IIV was 32% (95% CI -3%, 54%), for a relative effectiveness of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV of 27% (95% CI -1%, 48%). CONCLUSIONS: During 2 US influenza seasons, vaccine effectiveness was low to moderate for prevention of influenza hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. High-dose vaccine offered greater effectiveness. None of these findings were statistically significant. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV), with increased antigen content compared to standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD-IIV), is licensed for use in people aged ≥65 years. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of HD-IIV and SD-IIV for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalizations. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in an observational vaccine effectiveness study at 8 hospitals in the United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 influenza seasons. Enrolled patients were tested for influenza, and receipt of influenza vaccine by type was recorded. Effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using a test-negative design (comparing odds of influenza among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients). Relative effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 1487 enrolled patients aged ≥65 years, 1107 (74%) were vaccinated; 622 (56%) received HD-IIV, and 485 (44%) received SD-IIV. Overall, 277 (19%) tested positive for influenza, including 98 (16%) who received HD-IIV, 87 (18%) who received SD-IIV, and 92 (24%) who were unvaccinated. After adjusting for confounding variables, effectiveness of SD-IIV was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] -42%, 38%) and that of HD-IIV was 32% (95% CI -3%, 54%), for a relative effectiveness of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV of 27% (95% CI -1%, 48%). CONCLUSIONS: During 2 US influenza seasons, vaccine effectiveness was low to moderate for prevention of influenza hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. High-dose vaccine offered greater effectiveness. None of these findings were statistically significant. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020.
Authors: Peter Tsang; Geoffrey J Gorse; Cynthia B Strout; Malcolm Sperling; David P Greenberg; Ayca Ozol-Godfrey; Carlos DiazGranados; Victoria Landolfi Journal: Vaccine Date: 2013-10-11 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Jill M Ferdinands; Manjusha Gaglani; Emily T Martin; Don Middleton; Arnold S Monto; Kempapura Murthy; Fernanda P Silveira; H Keipp Talbot; Richard Zimmerman; Elif Alyanak; Courtney Strickland; Sarah Spencer; Alicia M Fry Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2019-09-13 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Carlos A DiazGranados; Andrew J Dunning; Murray Kimmel; Daniel Kirby; John Treanor; Avi Collins; Richard Pollak; Janet Christoff; John Earl; Victoria Landolfi; Earl Martin; Sanjay Gurunathan; Richard Nathan; David P Greenberg; Nadia G Tornieporth; Michael D Decker; H Keipp Talbot Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2014-08-14 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Carlos A DiazGranados; Andrew J Dunning; Corwin A Robertson; H Keipp Talbot; Victoria Landolfi; David P Greenberg Journal: Vaccine Date: 2015-07-14 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Emily T Martin; Caroline Cheng; Joshua G Petrie; Elif Alyanak; Manjusha Gaglani; Donald B Middleton; Shekhar Ghamande; Fernanda P Silveira; Kempapura Murthy; Richard K Zimmerman; Arnold S Monto; Christopher Trabue; H Keipp Talbot; Jill M Ferdinands Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2021-06-15 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Kailey Hughes; Donald B Middleton; Mary Patricia Nowalk; Goundappa K Balasubramani; Emily T Martin; Manjusha Gaglani; H Keipp Talbot; Manish M Patel; Jill M Ferdinands; Richard K Zimmerman; Fernanda P Silveira Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2021-12-06 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: H Keipp Talbot; Emily T Martin; Manjusha Gaglani; Donald B Middleton; Shekhar Ghamande; Fernanda P Silveira; Kempapura Murthy; Richard K Zimmerman; Christopher H Trabue; Samantha M Olson; Joshua G Petrie; Jill M Ferdinands; Manish M Patel; Arnold S Monto Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2021-12-16 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: G K Balasubramani; Won Suk Choi; Mary Patricia Nowalk; Richard K Zimmerman; Arnold S Monto; Emily T Martin; Edward A Belongia; Huong Q McLean; Manjusha Gaglani; Kempapura Murthy; Michael L Jackson; Lisa A Jackson; Jessie R Chung; Sarah Spencer; Alicia M Fry; Manish Patel; Brendan Flannery Journal: Vaccine Date: 2020-08-13 Impact factor: 4.169