Danyue Zhao1,2, Bo Yuan1,3, Dushyant Kshatriya4,5, Andrew Polyak1, James E Simon1,2, Nicholas T Bello4,2,5, Qingli Wu1,2,3. 1. New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. 2. New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. 3. Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. 4. Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. 5. Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Raspberry ketone (RK) is the primary aroma compound in red raspberries and a dietary supplement for weight loss. This work aims to 1) compare RK bioavailability in male versus female, normal-weight versus obese mice; 2) characterize RK metabolic pathways. METHODS: Study 1: C57BL/6J male and female mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) receive a single oral gavage dose of RK (200 mg kg-1 ). Blood, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) are collected over 12 h. Study 2: Male mice are fed a LFD or high-fat diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks before RK dosing. Samples collected are analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for RK and its metabolites. RESULTS: RK is rapidly absorbed (Tmax ≈ 15 min), and bioconverted into diverse metabolites in mice. Total bioavailability (AUC0-12 h ) is slightly lower in females than males (566 vs 675 nmol mL-1 min-1 ). Total bioavailability in obese mice is almost doubled that of control mice (1197 vs 679 nmol mL-1 min-1 ), while peaking times and elimination half-lives are delayed. Higher levels of RK and major metabolites are found in WAT of the obese than normal-weight animals. CONCLUSIONS: RK is highly bioavailable, rapidly metabolized, and exhibits significantly different pharmacokinetic behaviors between obese and control mice. Lipid-rich tissues, especially WAT, can be a direct target of RK.
OBJECTIVES:Raspberry ketone (RK) is the primary aroma compound in red raspberries and a dietary supplement for weight loss. This work aims to 1) compare RK bioavailability in male versus female, normal-weight versus obesemice; 2) characterize RK metabolic pathways. METHODS: Study 1: C57BL/6J male and female mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) receive a single oral gavage dose of RK (200 mg kg-1 ). Blood, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) are collected over 12 h. Study 2: Male mice are fed a LFD or high-fat diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks before RK dosing. Samples collected are analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for RK and its metabolites. RESULTS: RK is rapidly absorbed (Tmax ≈ 15 min), and bioconverted into diverse metabolites in mice. Total bioavailability (AUC0-12 h ) is slightly lower in females than males (566 vs 675 nmol mL-1 min-1 ). Total bioavailability in obesemice is almost doubled that of control mice (1197 vs 679 nmol mL-1 min-1 ), while peaking times and elimination half-lives are delayed. Higher levels of RK and major metabolites are found in WAT of the obese than normal-weight animals. CONCLUSIONS: RK is highly bioavailable, rapidly metabolized, and exhibits significantly different pharmacokinetic behaviors between obese and control mice. Lipid-rich tissues, especially WAT, can be a direct target of RK.
Authors: Bo Yuan; Danyue Zhao; Dushyant Kshatriya; Nicholas T Bello; James E Simon; Qingli Wu Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Date: 2020-05-19 Impact factor: 3.205
Authors: Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa; María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea; Patricia Fernández-Moreno; Alejandro Rojas-García; David Arráez-Román; Antonio Segura-Carretero Journal: Molecules Date: 2022-01-25 Impact factor: 4.411
Authors: Nicole Kornbausch; Marcel W Debong; Andrea Buettner; Jean-Marie Heydel; Helene M Loos Journal: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Date: 2022-07-28 Impact factor: 16.823