[Fast MRI sequences for clarification of acute neurological symptoms].

CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE: Neurological symptoms account for approximately 30% of emergency room (ER) visits. Clinical outcome often relies on a timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. Clinical imaging requirements are fast availability and high diagnostic value. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL
METHODS: Availability and quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in emergency rooms outside of core hours are limited compared to computed tomography (CT). Common reasons are infrastructural accessibility (hospitals using outpatient radiology centers), a lack of experienced and qualified staff and high patient compliance requirements. However, in a neurological emergency setting, MRI may show relevant advantages over CT in certain areas, such as diagnosis of stroke. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: Advances in MRI technology have led to shorter exam times and robust motion reduction strategies. Common fast sequences and time reduction techniques for imaging of neurological emergencies are presented in this article. ACHIEVEMENTS: Recommendations for specific sequences or techniques depend on the institute's MRI hardware and software components. If available, parallel imaging is highly recommended for imaging of neurological emergencies. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: Imaging of neurological emergencies requires fast, significant and motion insensitive standard acquisitions. Additional sequences should be acquired dependent on clinical and standard protocol imaging findings. An MRI emergency protocol is introduced for the most common neurologic emergencies including recommendations for fast MRI sequences and techniques for imaging time reduction.