Simon Zhornitsky1, Thang M Le1, Isha Dhingra1, Brendan D Adkinson2, Stephane Potvin3,4, Chiang-Shan R Li1,2,5. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 2. Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 3. Centre de recherche de l'Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. 5. Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Studies have linked cocaine dependence to suicidality. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, suicidal behavior becomes likely with the simultaneous presence of perceived burdensomeness (PB), lack of (or thwarted) belongingness (TB), and acquired fearlessness about death (FAD). Here, we examined personality and other variables, including depression, self-esteem, childhood abuse, and substance use, as predictors of these risk factors in cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs). METHODS: Seventy CDs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) participated. We examined group differences in a group-by-sex analysis of variance and identified predictors of PB, TB, and FAD in stepwise regressions. RESULTS: CDs exhibited elevated PB and TB but not FAD, compared to HCs. CDs also exhibited elevated harm avoidance, novelty seeking, depression, and lower self-esteem and reward dependence. Females reported elevated sexual abuse, harm avoidance, reward dependence, depression, but lower FAD, relative to males, among CDs and HCs. Among CDs, PB was predicted by lower self-esteem and greater emotional abuse; TB was predicted by lower self-esteem and reward dependence, as well as greater emotional and sexual abuse; and FAD was predicted by lower harm avoidance and greater physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting suicidality in cocaine dependence should take into consideration self-esteem, personality traits, and childhood abuse.
OBJECTIVE: Studies have linked cocaine dependence to suicidality. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, suicidal behavior becomes likely with the simultaneous presence of perceived burdensomeness (PB), lack of (or thwarted) belongingness (TB), and acquired fearlessness about death (FAD). Here, we examined personality and other variables, including depression, self-esteem, childhood abuse, and substance use, as predictors of these risk factors in cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs). METHODS: Seventy CDs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) participated. We examined group differences in a group-by-sex analysis of variance and identified predictors of PB, TB, and FAD in stepwise regressions. RESULTS:CDs exhibited elevated PB and TB but not FAD, compared to HCs. CDs also exhibited elevated harm avoidance, novelty seeking, depression, and lower self-esteem and reward dependence. Females reported elevated sexual abuse, harm avoidance, reward dependence, depression, but lower FAD, relative to males, among CDs and HCs. Among CDs, PB was predicted by lower self-esteem and greater emotional abuse; TB was predicted by lower self-esteem and reward dependence, as well as greater emotional and sexual abuse; and FAD was predicted by lower harm avoidance and greater physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting suicidality in cocaine dependence should take into consideration self-esteem, personality traits, and childhood abuse.
Authors: Wiebke Bleidorn; Ruben C Arslan; Jaap J A Denissen; Peter J Rentfrow; Jochen E Gebauer; Jeff Potter; Samuel D Gosling Journal: J Pers Soc Psychol Date: 2015-12-21
Authors: Jayraan Badiee; David J Moore; J Hampton Atkinson; Florin Vaida; Mickey Gerard; Nichole A Duarte; Donald Franklin; Ben Gouaux; J Allen McCutchan; Robert K Heaton; Justin McArthur; Susan Morgello; David Simpson; Ann Collier; Christina M Marra; Benjamin Gelman; David Clifford; Igor Grant Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2011-07-23 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Joy D Scheidell; Kelly Quinn; Susan P McGorray; B Christopher Frueh; Nisha N Beharie; Linda B Cottler; Maria R Khan Journal: Addiction Date: 2017-08-04 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: K M Kampman; J R Volpicelli; D E McGinnis; A I Alterman; R M Weinrieb; L D'Angelo; L E Epperson Journal: Addict Behav Date: 1998 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 3.913