Flight-deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO).

The results of three piloted simulations investigating flight-deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) are presented. Commercial transport pilots were given taxi clearances with time and speed components on the Primary Flight Display (PFD) and were required to taxi to the departing runway or intermediate intersections. Results show that when pilots were provided with speed-only taxi clearances, pilots either had poor required time of arrival (RTA) conformance with acceptable estimates of attentional distribution and safety, or had good RTA conformance with unacceptable attentional distribution and safety estimates. A flight-deck Error-Nulling Algorithm/Display allowed pilots to conform accurately with taxi RTA clearances while maintaining safety. Results are discussed in terms of pilot multitasking in the busy airport surface operations environment.