Carina Venter1, Kate Maslin2, John W Holloway3, Lori J Silveira4, David M Fleischer5, Taraneh Dean6, S Hasan Arshad7. 1. The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom; Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo. Electronic address: Carina.Venter@childrenscolorado.org. 2. The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom. 3. Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. 4. Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo. 5. Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo. 6. The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom; Research and Enterprise, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom. 7. The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diet diversity (DD) during infancy may prevent food allergies (FA), possibly by exposing the gastrointestinal microbiota to diverse foods and nutrients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between 4 different measures of DD during infancy and development of FA over the first decade of life. METHODS: A birth cohort born between 2001 and 2002 were followed prospectively, providing information on sociodemographic, environmental, and dietary exposures. Information on age of introduction of a range of foods and food allergens was collected during infancy. Children were assessed for FA at 1, 2, 3, and 10 years. DD was defined using 4 measures in the first year of life: the World Health Organization definition of minimum DD at 6 months, as food diversity (FD) and fruit and vegetable diversity (FVD) at 3, 6, and 9 months, and as food allergen diversity (FAD) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 969 pregnant women were recruited at 12-week gestation. A total of 900, 858, 891, and 827 offspring were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 10 years. Univariate analysis showed that World Health Organization DD (P = .0047), FD (P = .0009), FAD (P = .0048), and FVD (P = .0174) at 6 months and FD (P = .0392), FAD (P = .0233), and FVD (.0163) at 9 months significantly reduced the odds of FA over the first decade of life. DD measures at 3 months were not associated with FA, but only 33% of the cohort had solid foods introduced by this age. CONCLUSION: Increased infant DD, as measured by 4 different methods, decreased the likelihood of developing FA.
BACKGROUND: Diet diversity (DD) during infancy may prevent food allergies (FA), possibly by exposing the gastrointestinal microbiota to diverse foods and nutrients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between 4 different measures of DD during infancy and development of FA over the first decade of life. METHODS: A birth cohort born between 2001 and 2002 were followed prospectively, providing information on sociodemographic, environmental, and dietary exposures. Information on age of introduction of a range of foods and food allergens was collected during infancy. Children were assessed for FA at 1, 2, 3, and 10 years. DD was defined using 4 measures in the first year of life: the World Health Organization definition of minimum DD at 6 months, as food diversity (FD) and fruit and vegetable diversity (FVD) at 3, 6, and 9 months, and as food allergen diversity (FAD) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 969 pregnant women were recruited at 12-week gestation. A total of 900, 858, 891, and 827 offspring were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 10 years. Univariate analysis showed that World Health Organization DD (P = .0047), FD (P = .0009), FAD (P = .0048), and FVD (P = .0174) at 6 months and FD (P = .0392), FAD (P = .0233), and FVD (.0163) at 9 months significantly reduced the odds of FA over the first decade of life. DD measures at 3 months were not associated with FA, but only 33% of the cohort had solid foods introduced by this age. CONCLUSION: Increased infant DD, as measured by 4 different methods, decreased the likelihood of developing FA.
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