Hua Zou1, Shuang Leng1, Ce Xi2, Xiaodan Zhao1, Angela S Koh3, Fei Gao1, Ju Le Tan3, Ru-San Tan3, John C Allen4, Lik Chuan Lee2, Martin Genet5, Liang Zhong6. 1. National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, MI, United States. 3. National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 4. Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 5. Mechanics Department & Solid Mechanics Laboratory, École Polytechnique (Paris-Saclay University), Palaiseau, France; M3DISIM research team, INRIA (Paris-Saclay University), Palaiseau, France. 6. National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: zhong.liang@nhcs.com.sg.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of biventricular function is an essential component of clinical management in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to examine the utility of biventricular strains derived from a model-to-image registration technique in PAH patients in comparison to age- and gender-matched normal controls. METHODS: A three-dimensional (3D) model was reconstructed from cine short- and long-axis cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images and subsequently partitioned into right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and septum. The hyperelastic warping method was used to register the meshed biventricular finite element model throughout the cardiac cycle and obtain the corresponding biventricular circumferential, longitudinal and radial strains. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of biventricular strains was excellent with all intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.84. 3D biventricular longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains for RV, LV and septum were significantly decreased in PAH patients compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the 3D biventricular strains were better early markers (Area under the ROC curve = 0.96 for RV longitudinal strain) of ventricular dysfunction than conventional parameters such as two-dimensional strains and ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Our highly reproducible methodology holds potential for extending CMR imaging to characterize 3D biventricular strains, eventually leading to deeper understanding of biventricular mechanics in PAH.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of biventricular function is an essential component of clinical management in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to examine the utility of biventricular strains derived from a model-to-image registration technique in PAH patients in comparison to age- and gender-matched normal controls. METHODS: A three-dimensional (3D) model was reconstructed from cine short- and long-axis cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images and subsequently partitioned into right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and septum. The hyperelastic warping method was used to register the meshed biventricular finite element model throughout the cardiac cycle and obtain the corresponding biventricular circumferential, longitudinal and radial strains. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of biventricular strains was excellent with all intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.84. 3D biventricular longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains for RV, LV and septum were significantly decreased in PAH patients compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the 3D biventricular strains were better early markers (Area under the ROC curve = 0.96 for RV longitudinal strain) of ventricular dysfunction than conventional parameters such as two-dimensional strains and ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Our highly reproducible methodology holds potential for extending CMR imaging to characterize 3D biventricular strains, eventually leading to deeper understanding of biventricular mechanics in PAH.
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