X Hua1,2, T W C Lung3,4, M Woodward3,5,6, J A Salomon7, P Hamet8,9, S B Harrap10, G Mancia11, N Poulter12, J Chalmers3, P M Clarke1,2. 1. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 2. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 3. George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 4. School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 5. George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 7. Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA. 8. Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. 9. Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. 10. Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 11. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 12. Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Abstract
AIMS: To explore whether there is a different strength of association between self-rated health and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes across three country groupings: nine countries grouped together as 'established market economies'; Asia; and Eastern Europe. METHODS: The ADVANCE trial and its post-trial follow-up were used in this study, which included 11 140 people with type 2 diabetes from 20 countries, with a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Self-rated health was reported on a 0-100 visual analogue scale. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the relationship between the visual analogue scale score and all-cause mortality, controlling for a range of demographic and clinical risk factors. Interaction terms were used to assess whether the association between the visual analogue scale score and mortality varied across country groupings. RESULTS: The visual analogue scale score had different strengths of association with mortality in the three country groupings. A 10-point increase in visual analogue scale score was associated with a 15% (95% CI 12-18) lower mortality hazard in the established market economies, a 25% (95% CI 21-28) lower hazard in Asia, and an 8% (95% CI 3-13) lower hazard in Eastern Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Self-rated health appears to predict 10-year all-cause mortality for people with type 2 diabetes worldwide, but this relationship varies across groups of countries.
AIMS: To explore whether there is a different strength of association between self-rated health and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes across three country groupings: nine countries grouped together as 'established market economies'; Asia; and Eastern Europe. METHODS: The ADVANCE trial and its post-trial follow-up were used in this study, which included 11 140 people with type 2 diabetes from 20 countries, with a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Self-rated health was reported on a 0-100 visual analogue scale. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the relationship between the visual analogue scale score and all-cause mortality, controlling for a range of demographic and clinical risk factors. Interaction terms were used to assess whether the association between the visual analogue scale score and mortality varied across country groupings. RESULTS: The visual analogue scale score had different strengths of association with mortality in the three country groupings. A 10-point increase in visual analogue scale score was associated with a 15% (95% CI 12-18) lower mortality hazard in the established market economies, a 25% (95% CI 21-28) lower hazard in Asia, and an 8% (95% CI 3-13) lower hazard in Eastern Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Self-rated health appears to predict 10-year all-cause mortality for people with type 2 diabetes worldwide, but this relationship varies across groups of countries.