Chattering-free hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-particle swarm optimisation data fusion-based BG-level control.

In this study, a closed-loop control scheme is proposed for the glucose-insulin regulatory system in type-1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) patients. Some innovative hybrid glucose-insulin regulators have combined artificial intelligence such as fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm with well known Palumbo model to regulate the blood glucose (BG) level in T1DM patients. However, most of these approaches have focused on the glucose reference tracking, and the qualitative of this tracking such as chattering reduction of insulin injection has not been well-studied. Higher-order sliding mode (HoSM) controllers have been employed to attenuate the effect of chattering. Owing to the delayed nature and non-linear property of glucose-insulin mechanism as well as various unmeasurable disturbances, even the HoSM methods are partly successful. In this study, data fusion of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems optimised by particle swarm optimisation has been presented. The excellent performance of the proposed hybrid controller, i.e. desired BG-level tracking and chattering reduction in the presence of daily glucose-level disturbances is verified.