Blood glucose concentration control for type 1 diabetic patients: a multiple-model strategy.

In this study, a multiple-model strategy is evaluated as an alternative closed-loop method for subcutaneous insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes. Non-linearities of the glucose-insulin regulatory system are considered by modelling the system around five different operating points. After conducting some identification experiments in the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator (accepted simulator by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)), five transfer functions are obtained for these operating points. Paying attention to some physiological facts, the control objectives such as the required settling time and permissible bounds of overshoots and undershoots are determined for any transfer functions. Then, five PID controllers are tuned to achieve these objectives and a bank of controllers is constructed. To cope with difficulties of the presence of delays in subcutaneous blood glucose (BG) measuring and in administration of insulin, a glucose-dependent setpoint is considered as the desired trajectory for the BG concentration. The performance of the obtained closed-loop glucose-insulin regulatory system is investigated on the in silico adult cohort of the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator. The obtained results show that the proposed multiple-model strategy leads to a closed-loop mechanism with limited hyperglycemia and no severe hypoglycemia.