Early postnatal gene expression in the developing neocortex of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) is related to parental rearing style.

The earliest and most prevalent sensory experience includes tactile, thermal, and olfactory stimulation delivered to the young via contact with the mother, and in some mammals, the father. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), like humans, are biparental and serve as a model for understanding the impact of parent/offspring interactions on the developing brain. Prairie voles also exhibit natural variation in the level of tactile stimulation delivered by the parents to the offspring, and this has been well documented and quantified. Previous studies revealed that adult prairie vole offspring who received either high (HC) or low (LC) tactile contact from their parents have differences in the size of cortical fields and the connections of somatosensory cortex. In the current investigation, we examined gene expression, intraneocortical connectivity, and cortical thickness in newborn voles to appreciate when differences in HC and LC offspring begin to emerge. We observed differences in developmentally regulated genes, as well as variation in prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortical thickness at postnatal Day 1 (P1) in HC and LC voles. Results from this study suggest that parenting styles, such as those involving high or low physical contact, impact the developing neocortex via very early sensory experience as well as differences in epigenetic modifications that may emerge in HC and LC voles.