Shih-Yi Lin1,2, Weishan Chen3,4, Tomor Harnod5,6, Cheng-Li Lin3,4, Wu-Huei Hsu1,7, Cheng-Chieh Lin1,8, Yun-Lun Chang1,2, I-Kuan Wang1,2, Chia-Hung Kao1,9,10,11. 1. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung. 2. Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung. 3. Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung. 4. College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung. 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien. 6. College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien. 7. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung. 8. Department of Family Medicine, Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung. 9. Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung. 10. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung. 11. Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was aimed to investigate whether sleep apnea patients had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury. METHODS: Data were collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database during the period of 2000-2012. The study cohort comprised 6,456 patients aged ≥20 years with a first diagnosis of sleep apnea. The primary outcome was the incidence of traumatic brain injury. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards modeling were used. RESULTS: After adjustments for associated comorbidities and hypnotic medications, sleep apnea patients were associated with a 1.19-fold higher risk of traumatic brain injury (95% CI, 1.07-1.33) compared with patients without sleep apnea. Sleep apnea patients who took benzodiazepine (BZD) had a 1.30-fold increased risk of traumatic brain injury compared with patients without sleep apnea (95% CI, 1.14-1.49). However, this risk was not statistically significant, with a 1.03-fold risk of traumatic brain injury in sleep apnea patients without BZD use (95% CI, 0.84-1.25) compared with patients without sleep apnea. Compared with patients without sleep apnea, the risk of traumatic brain injury in sleep apnea patients aged 65-79 years old was higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.74). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnea patients, regardless of hypnotic use, had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury compared with patients without sleep apnea. 2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was aimed to investigate whether sleep apnea patients had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury. METHODS: Data were collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database during the period of 2000-2012. The study cohort comprised 6,456 patients aged ≥20 years with a first diagnosis of sleep apnea. The primary outcome was the incidence of traumatic brain injury. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards modeling were used. RESULTS: After adjustments for associated comorbidities and hypnotic medications, sleep apnea patients were associated with a 1.19-fold higher risk of traumatic brain injury (95% CI, 1.07-1.33) compared with patients without sleep apnea. Sleep apnea patients who took benzodiazepine (BZD) had a 1.30-fold increased risk of traumatic brain injury compared with patients without sleep apnea (95% CI, 1.14-1.49). However, this risk was not statistically significant, with a 1.03-fold risk of traumatic brain injury in sleep apnea patients without BZD use (95% CI, 0.84-1.25) compared with patients without sleep apnea. Compared with patients without sleep apnea, the risk of traumatic brain injury in sleep apnea patients aged 65-79 years old was higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.74). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnea patients, regardless of hypnotic use, had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury compared with patients without sleep apnea. 2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
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