Yimin Shen1, Jiani Hu2, Khalid Eteer3, Yongsheng Chen4, Sagar Buch5, Hani Alhourani6, Kamran Shah7, Quan Jiang8, Yulin Ge9, E Mark Haacke10. 1. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: ym_shen@wayne.edu. 2. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: jhu@med.wayne.edu. 3. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: keteer@wayne.edu. 4. Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: ys.chen@wayne.edu. 5. The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada. 6. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: malhourani@med.wayne.edu. 7. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: kshah@wayne.edu. 8. Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States. Electronic address: QJIANG1@hfhs.org. 9. Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: Yulin.Ge@nyulangone.org. 10. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Electronic address: Nmrimaging@aol.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) combines phase with magnitude information to better image sub-voxel veins. Recently, it has been extended to image very small sub-voxel arteries and veins by injecting intravenously the ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide, Ferumoxytol. OBJECTIVE: To determine practical experimental imaging parameters for sub-voxel cerebral vessels at 7 T. METHODS: Six Wistar-Kyoto rats aged 7-13 weeks were imaged. For a given spatial resolution, SWI was acquired pre- and post- Ferumoxytol with doses of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg and echo times (TEs) of 5, 10 and 15 ms at each dose. The spatial resolutions of 62.5 × 125 × 250 μm3 (acquisition time of 7.5 min) and 62.5 × 62.5 × 125 μm3 (30 min) were used. Both SWI and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) data were analyzed. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured and used to determine the optimal practical imaging parameters for detection of small cortical penetrating arteries. RESULTS: For a given spatial resolution with an aspect ratio (frequency: phase: slice) of 2:4:8 relative to the vessel size, we found the TE-dose index (TE x dose) must be at least 40 ms·mg/kg for both SWI and QSM to reveal the most vessels. The higher the TE-dose index, the better the image quality for both SWI and QSM up to 60 ms·mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: There is an optimal TE-dose index for improved visualization of sub-voxel vessels. Choosing the smallest TE and the largest allowed dose made it possible to run the sequence efficiently. In practice, the aspect ratio of 2:4:8 and the TE-dose index ranging from 40 to 60 ms·mg/kg provided the optimal and most practical solution.
BACKGROUND: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) combines phase with magnitude information to better image sub-voxel veins. Recently, it has been extended to image very small sub-voxel arteries and veins by injecting intravenously the ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide, Ferumoxytol. OBJECTIVE: To determine practical experimental imaging parameters for sub-voxel cerebral vessels at 7 T. METHODS: Six Wistar-Kyoto rats aged 7-13 weeks were imaged. For a given spatial resolution, SWI was acquired pre- and post- Ferumoxytol with doses of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg and echo times (TEs) of 5, 10 and 15 ms at each dose. The spatial resolutions of 62.5 × 125 × 250 μm3 (acquisition time of 7.5 min) and 62.5 × 62.5 × 125 μm3 (30 min) were used. Both SWI and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) data were analyzed. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured and used to determine the optimal practical imaging parameters for detection of small cortical penetrating arteries. RESULTS: For a given spatial resolution with an aspect ratio (frequency: phase: slice) of 2:4:8 relative to the vessel size, we found the TE-dose index (TE x dose) must be at least 40 ms·mg/kg for both SWI and QSM to reveal the most vessels. The higher the TE-dose index, the better the image quality for both SWI and QSM up to 60 ms·mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: There is an optimal TE-dose index for improved visualization of sub-voxel vessels. Choosing the smallest TE and the largest allowed dose made it possible to run the sequence efficiently. In practice, the aspect ratio of 2:4:8 and the TE-dose index ranging from 40 to 60 ms·mg/kg provided the optimal and most practical solution.
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