CONTEXT: Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beyond increasing FV intake, the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes may help to further attenuate CVD risk. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily as well as incorporating other healthy dietary changes on classical CVD risk factors through a systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline (ProQuest), and Cochrane Library. DATA EXTRACTION: 82, 24, and 10 articles were selected for the systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS: Meta-regression analysis showed a dose-dependent response between the number of FV servings consumed in each intervention group and the blood triglyceride change value. Pooled weighted mean differences from the meta-analysis suggested that increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily contributes to significant decreases in triglyceride (-0.10 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.18 to -0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.99 mmHg; 95%CI, -2.28 to -1.70) as well as marginal decreases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While improvements were observed in the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response following the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes, no additional cardiovascular benefits were observed when FV intake was increased from > 3 to > 5 servings daily. CONCLUSION: Increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily improves CVD risk factors, most distinctly triglyceride, especially when complemented with other healthy dietary changes.
CONTEXT: Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beyond increasing FV intake, the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes may help to further attenuate CVD risk. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily as well as incorporating other healthy dietary changes on classical CVD risk factors through a systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline (ProQuest), and Cochrane Library. DATA EXTRACTION: 82, 24, and 10 articles were selected for the systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS: Meta-regression analysis showed a dose-dependent response between the number of FV servings consumed in each intervention group and the blood triglyceride change value. Pooled weighted mean differences from the meta-analysis suggested that increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily contributes to significant decreases in triglyceride (-0.10 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.18 to -0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.99 mmHg; 95%CI, -2.28 to -1.70) as well as marginal decreases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While improvements were observed in the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response following the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes, no additional cardiovascular benefits were observed when FV intake was increased from > 3 to > 5 servings daily. CONCLUSION: Increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily improves CVD risk factors, most distinctly triglyceride, especially when complemented with other healthy dietary changes.
Authors: Leyre López-González; Nerea Becerra-Tomás; Nancy Babio; Miguel Ángel Martínez-González; Stephanie K Nishi; Dolores Corella; Albert Goday; Dora Romaguera; Jesús Vioque; Ángel M Alonso-Gómez; Julia Wärnberg; J Alfredo Martínez; Luís Serra-Majem; Ramon Estruch; M Rosa Bernal-López; José Lapetra; Xavier Pintó; Josep A Tur; José López-Miranda; Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas; Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez; Pilar Matía-Martín; Lidia Daimiel; Vicente Martín-Sánchez; Josep Vidal; Clotilde Vázquez; Emilio Ros; Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz; Francisco M Martín-Luján; José V Sorlí; Olga Castañer; M Angeles Zulet; Lucas Tojal-Sierra; Rosa Carabaño-Moral; Josefa Román-Maciá; Elena Rayó; Antonio García-Ríos; Rosa Casas; Ana M Gómez-Pérez; José M Santos-Lozano; Pilar Buil-Cosiales; Eva M Asensio; Camille Lassale; Itziar Abete; Itziar Salaverria-Lete; Carmen Sayón-Orea; Helmut Schröder; Jordi Salas-Salvadó Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2022-04-11 Impact factor: 4.884
Authors: Christopher P F Marinangeli; Scott V Harding; Andrea J Glenn; Laura Chiavaroli; Andreea Zurbau; David J A Jenkins; Cyril W C Kendall; Kevin B Miller; John L Sievenpiper Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-06-09 Impact factor: 5.717