Collaborative Learning Teams to Longitudinally Teach and Assess Teamwork Behaviors and Attitudes.

Objective. To create and assess the effectiveness of a model of continuous development of teamwork skills (CDTS), which used a longitudinal peer feedback process across multiple courses that incorporated collaborative team learning. Methods. Pharmacy students participated in collaborative learning teams across the first three years of the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum, with team membership changing annually. Self, peer, and team evaluations were completed using the Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness (CATME) Smarter Teamwork system at four time points each year (three formative assessments and one summative assessment). Faculty members used peer and team evaluations to identify when additional coaching on teamwork behaviors, attitudes, and norms was needed. Results. Self, peer, and team evaluations of 261 unique learning teams were conducted between fall 2015 and spring 2018. The majority of students and teams performed highly on teamwork behaviors and attitudes. Individual students and teams were identified for additional development on teamwork behaviors and attitudes as follows: for the 2015-2016 academic year, 5 (2%) individual students and 8 (20%) teams; for the 2016-2017 academic year, 15 (3%) individual students and 19 (22%) teams; and for the 2017-2018 academic year: 15 (2%) individual students and 24 (18%) teams. Conclusion. The CDTS model, which incorporates formative and summative assessments, identified individual students and teams that met the teamwork standards established by the college as well as those students and teams that needed additional coaching to achieve the teamwork learning outcome.