Management Strategies for Pain Associated with Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation: An Integrative Literature Review.

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are subjected to mild-to-moderate pain associated with arteriovenous fistula needle insertion. This pain might adversely affect patient compliance with dialysis and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate published research studies on management strategies for pain associated with fistula needle insertion. A review of 35 studies from well-known databases such as CINAHL, ProQuest, and PubMed was conducted. Three strategies of cannulation pain management were found to have been tried: specific cannulation techniques; use of alternative complementary therapies; and use of local anesthetic agents.