Elle Anastasiou1, Alexis Feinberg2, Albert Tovar3, Emily Gill4, M J Ruzmyn Vilcassim5, Katarzyna Wyka6, Terry Gordon7, Ana M Rule8, Sue Kaplan9, Brian Elbel10, Donna Shelley11, Lorna E Thorpe12. 1. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: elle.anastasiou@nyulangone.org. 2. Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA. 3. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: albert.tovar@nyulangone.org. 4. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: Emily.gill@nyulangone.org. 5. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA. Electronic address: rv702@nyu.edu. 6. Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA. Electronic address: Katarzyna.wyka@sph.cuny.edu. 7. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA. Electronic address: terry.gordon@nyulangone.org. 8. Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: arule1@jhu.edu. 9. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: sue.kaplan@nyu.edu. 10. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, 295 Lafayette St, New York, NY 10012, USA. Electronic address: brian.elbel@nyulangone.org. 11. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: donna.shelley@nyulangone.org. 12. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: lorna.thorpe@nyulangone.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with 41,000 deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. On July 30, 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development passed a rule requiring public housing authorities to implement smoke-free housing (SFH) policies. OBJECTIVES: Prior to SFH policy implementation, we measured self-reported and objective SHS incursions in a purposeful sample of 21 high-rise buildings (>15 floors) in New York City (NYC): 10 public housing and 11 private sector buildings where most residents receive federal housing subsidies (herein 'Section 8' buildings). METHODS: We conducted a baseline telephone survey targeting all residents living on the 3rd floor or higher of selected buildings: NYC Housing Authority (NYCHA) residents were surveyed in April-July 2018 (n = 559), and residents in 'Section 8' buildings in August-November 2018 (n = 471). We invited non-smoking household participants to enroll into a longitudinal air monitoring study to track SHS exposure using: (1) nicotine concentration from passive, bisulfate-coated nicotine filters and (2) particulate matter (PM2.5) from low-cost particle monitors. SHS was measured for 7-days in non-smoking households (NYCHA n = 157, Section 8 n = 118 households) and in building common areas (n = 91 hallways and stairwells). RESULTS: Smoking prevalence among residents in the 21 buildings was 15.5%. Two-thirds of residents reported seeing people smoke in common areas in the past year (67%) and 60% reported smelling smoke in their apartments coming from elsewhere. Most stairwells (88%) and hallways (74%) had detectable nicotine levels, but nicotine was detected in only 9.9% of non-smoking apartments. Substantial variation in nicotine and PM2.5 was observed between and within buildings; on average nicotine concentrations were higher in NYCHA apartments and hallways than in Section 8 buildings (p < 0.05), and NYCHA residents reported seeing smokers in common areas more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: SFH policies may help in successfully reducing SHS exposure in public housing, but widespread pre-policy incursions suggest achieving SFH will be challenging.
BACKGROUND:Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with 41,000 deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. On July 30, 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development passed a rule requiring public housing authorities to implement smoke-free housing (SFH) policies. OBJECTIVES: Prior to SFH policy implementation, we measured self-reported and objective SHS incursions in a purposeful sample of 21 high-rise buildings (>15 floors) in New York City (NYC): 10 public housing and 11 private sector buildings where most residents receive federal housing subsidies (herein 'Section 8' buildings). METHODS: We conducted a baseline telephone survey targeting all residents living on the 3rd floor or higher of selected buildings: NYC Housing Authority (NYCHA) residents were surveyed in April-July 2018 (n = 559), and residents in 'Section 8' buildings in August-November 2018 (n = 471). We invited non-smoking household participants to enroll into a longitudinal air monitoring study to track SHS exposure using: (1) nicotine concentration from passive, bisulfate-coated nicotine filters and (2) particulate matter (PM2.5) from low-cost particle monitors. SHS was measured for 7-days in non-smoking households (NYCHA n = 157, Section 8 n = 118 households) and in building common areas (n = 91 hallways and stairwells). RESULTS: Smoking prevalence among residents in the 21 buildings was 15.5%. Two-thirds of residents reported seeing people smoke in common areas in the past year (67%) and 60% reported smelling smoke in their apartments coming from elsewhere. Most stairwells (88%) and hallways (74%) had detectable nicotine levels, but nicotine was detected in only 9.9% of non-smoking apartments. Substantial variation in nicotine and PM2.5 was observed between and within buildings; on average nicotine concentrations were higher in NYCHA apartments and hallways than in Section 8 buildings (p < 0.05), and NYCHA residents reported seeing smokers in common areas more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: SFH policies may help in successfully reducing SHS exposure in public housing, but widespread pre-policy incursions suggest achieving SFH will be challenging.
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Authors: Lorna E Thorpe; Elle Anastasiou; Katarzyna Wyka; Albert Tovar; Emily Gill; Ana Rule; Brian Elbel; Sue A Kaplan; Nan Jiang; Terry Gordon; Donna Shelley Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2020-11-02