Hayri Baran Yosmaoğlu1, James Selfe2, Emel Sonmezer1, İlknur Ezgi Sahin1, Senay Çerezci Duygu1, Manolya Acar Ozkoslu1, Jim Richards3, Jessica Janssen4. 1. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey. 2. Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. 3. Allied Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. 4. IMC University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Targeted intervention for subgroups is a promising approach for the management of patellofemoral pain. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment designed according to subgroups will improve clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to multimodal treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective crossover intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: Patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP; n = 61; mean age, 27 ± 9 years) were enrolled. Patients with PFP received standard multimodal treatment 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Patients not responding to multimodal treatment were then classified into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot) using 6 simple clinical tests. They were subsequently administered 6 further weeks of targeted intervention, designed according to subgroup characteristics. Visual analog scale (VAS), perception of recovery scale (PRS), 5-Level European Quality 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L), and self-reported version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (S-LANSS) were used to assess pain, knee function, and quality of life before and after the interventions. RESULTS: In total, 34% (n = 21) of patients demonstrated recovery after multimodal treatment. However, over 70% (n = 29/40) of nonresponders demonstrated recovery after targeted treatment. The VAS, PRS, S-LANSS, and EQ-5D-5L scores improved significantly after targeted intervention compared with after multimodal treatment (P < 0.001). The VAS score at rest was significantly lower in the "weak and pronated foot" and the "weak and tight" subgroups (P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively). Posttreatment pain intensity on activity was significantly lower in the "strong" subgroup (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Targeted treatment designed according to subgroup characteristics improves clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to multimodal treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Targeted intervention could be easily implemented after 6 simple clinical assessment tests to subgroup patients into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot). Targeted interventions applied according to the characteristics of these subgroups have more beneficial treatment effects than a current multimodal treatment program.
BACKGROUND: Targeted intervention for subgroups is a promising approach for the management of patellofemoral pain. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment designed according to subgroups will improve clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to multimodal treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective crossover intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: Patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP; n = 61; mean age, 27 ± 9 years) were enrolled. Patients with PFP received standard multimodal treatment 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Patients not responding to multimodal treatment were then classified into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot) using 6 simple clinical tests. They were subsequently administered 6 further weeks of targeted intervention, designed according to subgroup characteristics. Visual analog scale (VAS), perception of recovery scale (PRS), 5-Level European Quality 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L), and self-reported version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (S-LANSS) were used to assess pain, knee function, and quality of life before and after the interventions. RESULTS: In total, 34% (n = 21) of patients demonstrated recovery after multimodal treatment. However, over 70% (n = 29/40) of nonresponders demonstrated recovery after targeted treatment. The VAS, PRS, S-LANSS, and EQ-5D-5L scores improved significantly after targeted intervention compared with after multimodal treatment (P < 0.001). The VAS score at rest was significantly lower in the "weak and pronated foot" and the "weak and tight" subgroups (P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively). Posttreatment pain intensity on activity was significantly lower in the "strong" subgroup (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Targeted treatment designed according to subgroup characteristics improves clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to multimodal treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Targeted intervention could be easily implemented after 6 simple clinical assessment tests to subgroup patients into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot). Targeted interventions applied according to the characteristics of these subgroups have more beneficial treatment effects than a current multimodal treatment program.
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