Uzma Saleem1, Sana Khalid2, Shigraf Zaib3, Fareeha Anwar4, Bashir Ahmad5, Izhar Ullah6, Alam Zeb7, Muhammad Ayaz8. 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: uzma95@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: sanakhalid436@gmail.com. 3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: shingzaib1@gmail.com. 4. Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: fareeha.anwar@riphah.edu.pk. 5. Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: bashir.ahmad@riphah.edu.pk. 6. Department of Pharmacy, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan. Electronic address: izhar_pharma@yahoo.com. 7. Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan. Electronic address: azebuom@gmail.com. 8. Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan. Electronic address: Ayazuop@gmail.com.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVENCE: The use of herbal medicines is increasing in developed countries as alternative and/or supportive therapy to conventional health care medicines. Malva neglecta Wallr. (Family: Malvaceae) has been reported as wound healing remedy in traditional medicines, however no experimental data is available on its wound healing potentials. The aim of this study was to explore phytochemistry and validate wound healing potentials of the plant using animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: M. neglecta crude methanolic extract (Mn.Cme) was chemically characterized using HPLC-DAD and GCMS analysis. Acute dermal toxicity was determined in albino rats following Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 402 established standards. Wound healing potentials were evaluated in rats using excision wound model. Wounds (177 mm2) were made by an excision on the skin of rats which were placed individually in cages. Mn.Cme was formulated in ointment form and was applied topically onto the wound area once daily for 14 days. The wound area was measured with translucent paper and thereafter estimated on a 1 mm2 graph sheet every 3rd day until epithelialization and complete wound closure was recorded. Wound contraction was calculated as a percentage of the original wound size. Antioxidant potentials were also evaluated via FRAP, DPPH and H2O2 free radicals scavenging assays. RESULTS: HPLC-DAD analysis revealed 25 phenolic compounds with higher amounts of hydrotyrosol (109.3 mg/g), coumaroylhexoside (97.4 mg/g), kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyldiglucoside)-7-glucoside (37.2 mg/g), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (31.5 mg/g) and epicatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)-gallate (31.3 mg/g). In GC-MS analysis, oleic acid (19.67%), taurine (17.60%), ethylene dimercaptan (14.67%), isoeugenol (14.61%), patchoulane (10.36%), methyl 12-methyltetradecanoate (8.47%) and isopropyl myristate (7.02%) were highly abundant compounds. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute dermal toxicity test. Our test sample (Mn.Cme) exhibited considerable wound healing tendency at all doses (1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g per 10 g of ointment base) with reduced epithelialization period in a dose-related manner. Absolute healing was observed after application of 2 g of Mn.Cme ointment. Further, Mn.Cme exhibited considerable anti-radical potential in all assays. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that M. neglecta possess very potent secondary metabolites which are previously reported for wound healing potentials. The plant has considerable antioxidant and wound healing properties and thus warrant further studies to uncover the molecular mechanism its wound healing potentials.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVENCE: The use of herbal medicines is increasing in developed countries as alternative and/or supportive therapy to conventional health care medicines. Malva neglecta Wallr. (Family: Malvaceae) has been reported as wound healing remedy in traditional medicines, however no experimental data is available on its wound healing potentials. The aim of this study was to explore phytochemistry and validate wound healing potentials of the plant using animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: M. neglecta crude methanolic extract (Mn.Cme) was chemically characterized using HPLC-DAD and GCMS analysis. Acute dermal toxicity was determined in albino rats following Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 402 established standards. Wound healing potentials were evaluated in rats using excision wound model. Wounds (177 mm2) were made by an excision on the skin of rats which were placed individually in cages. Mn.Cme was formulated in ointment form and was applied topically onto the wound area once daily for 14 days. The wound area was measured with translucent paper and thereafter estimated on a 1 mm2 graph sheet every 3rd day until epithelialization and complete wound closure was recorded. Wound contraction was calculated as a percentage of the original wound size. Antioxidant potentials were also evaluated via FRAP, DPPH and H2O2 free radicals scavenging assays. RESULTS: HPLC-DAD analysis revealed 25 phenolic compounds with higher amounts of hydrotyrosol (109.3 mg/g), coumaroylhexoside (97.4 mg/g), kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyldiglucoside)-7-glucoside (37.2 mg/g), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (31.5 mg/g) and epicatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)-gallate (31.3 mg/g). In GC-MS analysis, oleic acid (19.67%), taurine (17.60%), ethylene dimercaptan (14.67%), isoeugenol (14.61%), patchoulane (10.36%), methyl 12-methyltetradecanoate (8.47%) and isopropyl myristate (7.02%) were highly abundant compounds. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute dermal toxicity test. Our test sample (Mn.Cme) exhibited considerable wound healing tendency at all doses (1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g per 10 g of ointment base) with reduced epithelialization period in a dose-related manner. Absolute healing was observed after application of 2 g of Mn.Cme ointment. Further, Mn.Cme exhibited considerable anti-radical potential in all assays. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that M. neglecta possess very potent secondary metabolites which are previously reported for wound healing potentials. The plant has considerable antioxidant and wound healing properties and thus warrant further studies to uncover the molecular mechanism its wound healing potentials.
Authors: Mater H Mahnashi; Yahya S Alqahtani; Bandar A Alyami; Ali O Alqarni; Sultan A Alqahl; Farhat Ullah; Abdul Sadiq; Alam Zeb; Mehreen Ghufran; Alexey Kuraev; Asif Nawaz; Muhammad Ayaz Journal: BMC Complement Med Ther Date: 2022-01-27
Authors: Mater H Mahnashi; Yahya S Alqahtani; Bandar A Alyami; Ali O Alqarni; Muhammad Ayaz; Mehreen Ghufran; Farhat Ullah; Abdul Sadiq; Ihsan Ullah; Ikram Ul Haq; Mohammad Khalid; H C Ananda Murthy Journal: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Date: 2022-01-19 Impact factor: 2.629
Authors: Mater H Mahnashi; Bandar A Alyami; Yahya S Alqahtani; Ali O Alqarni; Muhammad Saeed Jan; Muhammad Ayaz; Farhat Ullah; Muhammad Shahid; Umer Rashid; Abdul Sadiq Journal: BMC Complement Med Ther Date: 2021-10-02