Rachel Vickers-Smith1, Jiangwen Sun2, Richard J Charnigo3, Michelle R Lofwall4, Sharon L Walsh5, Jennifer R Havens6. 1. University of Louisville School of Nursing, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA. Electronic address: rachelannvickers@gmail.com. 2. Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. 4. Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA. 5. Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40508, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although there have been increasing reports of intentional gabapentin misuse, epidemiological evidence for the phenomenon is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are pharmacovigilance abuse signals for gabapentin. METHODS: Using FDA Adverse Events Reporting System reports from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015, we calculated pharmacovigilance signal measures (i.e., reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, information component, and empirical Bayes geometric mean) for abuse-related adverse event (AR-AE)-gabapentin pairs. Loglinear modeling assessed the frequency of concurrent reporting of abuse-related and abuse-specific AEs (AS-AEs) associated with gabapentin. Findings were compared to a positive (pregabalin) and negative (duloxetine) control. RESULTS: From 2005-2015 there were 5,951,229 unique AE reports submitted to the FDA including 99,977 for gabapentin, 73,977 for duloxetine, and 97,813 for pregabalin. Significant drug-AR-AE pair signals involving gabapentin included: drug abuser, multiple drug overdose, and substance-induced psychotic disorder. Significant drug AR-AE signals involving gabapentin and pregabalin, but not duloxetine, were: ataxia, dependence, drug abuse, increased drug tolerance, and overdose. Compared to duloxetine, gabapentin had significantly greater odds of a co-report for an AS-AE with drug withdrawal syndrome (OR: 6.55), auditory hallucinations (OR: 4.57), delusions (OR: 2.36), euphoric mood (OR: 5.45), ataxia (OR: 2.85), drug abuser (OR: 3.01), aggression (OR: 1.98), psychotic disorder (OR: 1.96), and feeling abnormal (OR: 1.31). CONCLUSIONS: We identified abuse-related signals for gabapentin and highlighted several CNS effects that may be associated with its abuse. Gabapentin prescribers should be aware of the drug's abuse liability and effects that may accompany its use.
BACKGROUND: Although there have been increasing reports of intentional gabapentin misuse, epidemiological evidence for the phenomenon is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are pharmacovigilance abuse signals for gabapentin. METHODS: Using FDA Adverse Events Reporting System reports from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015, we calculated pharmacovigilance signal measures (i.e., reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, information component, and empirical Bayes geometric mean) for abuse-related adverse event (AR-AE)-gabapentin pairs. Loglinear modeling assessed the frequency of concurrent reporting of abuse-related and abuse-specific AEs (AS-AEs) associated with gabapentin. Findings were compared to a positive (pregabalin) and negative (duloxetine) control. RESULTS: From 2005-2015 there were 5,951,229 unique AE reports submitted to the FDA including 99,977 for gabapentin, 73,977 for duloxetine, and 97,813 for pregabalin. Significant drug-AR-AE pair signals involving gabapentin included: drug abuser, multiple drug overdose, and substance-induced psychotic disorder. Significant drug AR-AE signals involving gabapentin and pregabalin, but not duloxetine, were: ataxia, dependence, drug abuse, increased drug tolerance, and overdose. Compared to duloxetine, gabapentin had significantly greater odds of a co-report for an AS-AE with drug withdrawal syndrome (OR: 6.55), auditory hallucinations (OR: 4.57), delusions (OR: 2.36), euphoric mood (OR: 5.45), ataxia (OR: 2.85), drug abuser (OR: 3.01), aggression (OR: 1.98), psychotic disorder (OR: 1.96), and feeling abnormal (OR: 1.31). CONCLUSIONS: We identified abuse-related signals for gabapentin and highlighted several CNS effects that may be associated with its abuse. Gabapentin prescribers should be aware of the drug's abuse liability and effects that may accompany its use.
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