Christian Hakulinen1, Marko Elovainio1, Martti Arffman1, Sonja Lumme1, Kimmo Suokas1, Sami Pirkola1, Ilmo Keskimäki1, Kristiina Manderbacka1, Petri Böckerman1. 1. Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with severe mental disorders have an impaired ability to work and are likely to receive income transfer payments as their main source of income. However, the magnitude of this phenomenon remains unclear. Using longitudinal population cohort register data, the authors conducted a case-control study to examine the levels of employment and personal income before and after a first hospitalization for a serious mental disorder. METHODS: All individuals (N=50,551) who had been hospitalized for schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychosis, or bipolar disorder in Finland between 1988 and 2015 were identified and matched with five randomly selected participants who were the same sex and who had the same birth year and month. Employment status and earnings, income transfer payments, and total income in euros were measured annually from 1988 to 2015. RESULTS: Individuals with serious mental disorders had notably low levels of employment before, and especially after, the diagnosis of a severe mental disorder. Their total income was mostly constituted of transfer payments, and this was especially true for those diagnosed as having schizophrenia. More than half of all individuals with a serious mental disorder did not have any employment earnings after they received the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows how most individuals in Finland depend solely on income transfer payments after an onset of a severe mental disorder.
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with severe mental disorders have an impaired ability to work and are likely to receive income transfer payments as their main source of income. However, the magnitude of this phenomenon remains unclear. Using longitudinal population cohort register data, the authors conducted a case-control study to examine the levels of employment and personal income before and after a first hospitalization for a serious mental disorder. METHODS: All individuals (N=50,551) who had been hospitalized for schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychosis, or bipolar disorder in Finland between 1988 and 2015 were identified and matched with five randomly selected participants who were the same sex and who had the same birth year and month. Employment status and earnings, income transfer payments, and total income in euros were measured annually from 1988 to 2015. RESULTS: Individuals with serious mental disorders had notably low levels of employment before, and especially after, the diagnosis of a severe mental disorder. Their total income was mostly constituted of transfer payments, and this was especially true for those diagnosed as having schizophrenia. More than half of all individuals with a serious mental disorder did not have any employment earnings after they received the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows how most individuals in Finland depend solely on income transfer payments after an onset of a severe mental disorder.
Entities:
Keywords:
Earnings; Labor market; Psychoses; Serious mental disorder; Social psychiatry; Transfer payments
Authors: Lars de Winter; Chrisje Couwenbergh; Jaap van Weeghel; Sarita Sanches; Harry Michon; Gary R Bond Journal: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Date: 2022-07-11 Impact factor: 7.818
Authors: Clarisse de Azambuja Farias; Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso; Marielle Moro da Silva; Francesca D'Angelo; Thaise Campos Mondin; Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza; Ricardo Azevedo da Silva; Flavio Kapczinski; Karen Jansen; Pedro V S Magalhães Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-08-24 Impact factor: 5.435
Authors: James K Moran; Joachim Bretz; Johanna Winkler; Stefan Gutwinski; Eva J Brandl; Meryam Schouler-Ocak Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2021-05-28 Impact factor: 5.435
Authors: Antonio José Sánchez-Guarnido; Paloma Huertas; Rosario Garcia-Solier; Miguel Solano; Beatriz Díez; Marta León; Javier Herruzo-Cabrera Journal: Healthcare (Basel) Date: 2021-12-30
Authors: Markus Kösters; Steffi G Riedel-Heller; Uta Gühne; Alexander Pabst; Margrit Löbner; Johanna Breilmann; Alkomiet Hasan; Peter Falkai; Reinhold Kilian; Andreas Allgöwer; Klemens Ajayi; Jessica Baumgärtner; Peter Brieger; Karel Frasch; Stephan Heres; Markus Jäger; Andreas Küthmann; Albert Putzhammer; Bertram Schneeweiß; Michael Schwarz; Thomas Becker Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2021-04-16 Impact factor: 4.328