The inflammatory effect of epigenetic factors and modifications in type 2 diabetes.

Inflammation has a central role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. Both genetic and epigenetic factors have been implicated in the development of T2D-associated inflammation. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the function of several components of the immune system. Diabetic conditions trigger aberrant epigenetic alterations that contribute to the progression of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction by induction of inflammatory responses. Thus, targeting epigenetic factors and modifications, as one of the underlying causes of inflammation, could lead to the development of novel immune-based strategies for the treatment of T2D. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the propagation and perpetuation of chronic inflammation in T2D. We also discuss the possible anti-inflammatory approaches that target epigenetic factors for the treatment of T2D.