Quentin Le Bastard1,2, Guillaume Chapelet1,3, François Javaudin1,2, Didier Lepelletier1,4, Eric Batard1,2, Emmanuel Montassier5,6,7. 1. Microbiotas Hosts Antibiotics and bacterial Resistances (MiHAR), Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. 3. Pole de gérontologie clinique, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France. 4. Bacteriology and Infection Control Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. 5. Microbiotas Hosts Antibiotics and bacterial Resistances (MiHAR), Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. emmanuel.montassier@chu-nantes.fr. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France. emmanuel.montassier@chu-nantes.fr. 7. EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, University of Nantes, Nantes, 44000, France. emmanuel.montassier@chu-nantes.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inulin, consisting of repetitive fructosyl units linked by β(2,1) bonds, is a readily fermentable fiber by intestinal bacteria that generates large quantities of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). In individuals with constipation, it was reported that inulin ingestion was associated with a significant increase in stool frequency, suggesting a potential impact of inulin on human gut microbiota composition. Progress in high-throughput technologies allow assessment of human-associated microbiomes in terms of diversity and taxonomic or functional composition, and can identify changes in response to a specific supplementation. Hence, to understand the effects of inulin on the human gut microbiome is pivotal to gain insight into their mechanisms of action. METHODS: Here, we conducted a systematic review of human studies in adult individuals showing the effects of inulin on the gut microbiome. We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for articles in English published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed up until March 2019. We used multiple search terms capturing gut microbiome, gut microflora, intestinal microbiota, intestinal flora, gut microbiota, gut flora, microbial gut community, gut microbial composition, and inulin. RESULTS: Overall, nine original articles reported the effects of inulin on microbiome composition in adult humans, most of them being randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (n = 7). Studies varied significantly in design (3 studies associated inulin and oligofructose), supplementation protocols (from 5 to 20 gr per day of inulin consumed) and in microbiome assessment methods (16S sequencing, n = 7). The most consistent change was an increase in Bifidobacterium. Other concordant results included an increase in relative abundance of Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, and a decrease in relative abundance of Bacteroides after inulin supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review assessed the evidence for the effects of inulin supplementation on the human gut microbiome. However, these in vivo studies did not confirm in vitro experiments as the taxonomic alterations were not associated with increase in short-chain fatty acids levels.
BACKGROUND: Inulin, consisting of repetitive fructosyl units linked by β(2,1) bonds, is a readily fermentable fiber by intestinal bacteria that generates large quantities of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). In individuals with constipation, it was reported that inulin ingestion was associated with a significant increase in stool frequency, suggesting a potential impact of inulin on human gut microbiota composition. Progress in high-throughput technologies allow assessment of human-associated microbiomes in terms of diversity and taxonomic or functional composition, and can identify changes in response to a specific supplementation. Hence, to understand the effects of inulin on the humangut microbiome is pivotal to gain insight into their mechanisms of action. METHODS: Here, we conducted a systematic review of human studies in adult individuals showing the effects of inulin on the gut microbiome. We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for articles in English published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed up until March 2019. We used multiple search terms capturing gut microbiome, gut microflora, intestinal microbiota, intestinal flora, gut microbiota, gut flora, microbial gut community, gut microbial composition, and inulin. RESULTS: Overall, nine original articles reported the effects of inulin on microbiome composition in adult humans, most of them being randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (n = 7). Studies varied significantly in design (3 studies associated inulin and oligofructose), supplementation protocols (from 5 to 20 gr per day of inulin consumed) and in microbiome assessment methods (16S sequencing, n = 7). The most consistent change was an increase in Bifidobacterium. Other concordant results included an increase in relative abundance of Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, and a decrease in relative abundance of Bacteroides after inulin supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review assessed the evidence for the effects of inulin supplementation on the humangut microbiome. However, these in vivo studies did not confirm in vitro experiments as the taxonomic alterations were not associated with increase in short-chain fatty acids levels.
Entities:
Keywords:
Diversity; Gut microbiome; Inulin; Prebiotic; Short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Alexander C Ford; Paul Moayyedi; William D Chey; Lucinda A Harris; Brian E Lacy; Yuri A Saito; Eamonn M M Quigley Journal: Am J Gastroenterol Date: 2018-06 Impact factor: 10.864
Authors: Q Le Bastard; G A Al-Ghalith; M Grégoire; G Chapelet; F Javaudin; E Dailly; E Batard; D Knights; E Montassier Journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther Date: 2017-12-05 Impact factor: 8.171
Authors: Vishal Singh; Beng San Yeoh; Rachel E Walker; Xia Xiao; Piu Saha; Rachel M Golonka; Jingwei Cai; Alexis Charles Andre Bretin; Xi Cheng; Qing Liu; Michael D Flythe; Benoit Chassaing; Gregory C Shearer; Andrew D Patterson; Andrew T Gewirtz; Matam Vijay-Kumar Journal: Gut Date: 2019-01-22 Impact factor: 31.793
Authors: Daiane F A Galvão; Rosemeire A B Pessoni; Carolina Elsztein; Keila A Moreira; Marcos A Morais; Rita de Cássia Leone Figueiredo-Ribeiro; Marília Gaspar; Marcia M C Morais; Mauricio B Fialho; Marcia R Braga Journal: Folia Microbiol (Praha) Date: 2022-06-21 Impact factor: 2.099
Authors: Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul; Anne H Lee; Sara E Belchik; Jan S Suchodolski; Kelly S Swanson Journal: J Anim Sci Date: 2022-02-01 Impact factor: 3.159
Authors: Ingrid Maria Cecilia Rubin; Sarah Mollerup; Christa Broholm; Adam Baker; Mona Katrine Alberthe Holm; Martin Schou Pedersen; Mette Pinholt; Henrik Westh; Andreas Munk Petersen Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2022-09-27 Impact factor: 5.005
Authors: Miriam R Fernandes; Poonam Aggarwal; Raquel G F Costa; Alicia M Cole; Giorgio Trinchieri Journal: Nat Rev Cancer Date: 2022-10-17 Impact factor: 69.800
Authors: Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul; Celeste Alexander; Sungho Do; Fei He; Jan S Suchodolski; Maria R C de Godoy; Kelly S Swanson Journal: J Anim Sci Date: 2021-09-01 Impact factor: 3.338