A dual-signal colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for enzymatic determination of uric acid by using silicon nanoparticles.

The authors describe a dual-signal colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for uric acid (UA). It is based on cascade catalysis and an inner filter effect. The method involves uricase-catalyzed oxidation of UA and iodide-catalyzed oxidation of the colorless peroxidase substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to form yellow 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD). This can be visually observed or monitored by measuring absorbance at 417 nm. Furthermore, oxOPD quenches the fluorescence of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) (with peaks at 450 and 565 nm) via an inner filter effect. The change in the ratio of emissions peaking 565 and 450 (at excitation wavelength of 380 nm) increases linearly in the 0.01-0.8 mM UA concentration range). The lower detection limits are 8.4 and 0.75 μM when using the colorimetric and ratiometric fluorometric method, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the quantitation of UA in spiked serum samples. Graphical abstractA dual-signal colorimetric and ratiometric fluor ometric assay was developed for uric acid (UA). The fluorometric assay is based on the inner filter effect between fluorescent silicon nanoparticles and 2,3-diaminophenazine. It involves uricase-catalyzed oxidation of UA, and iodide-catalyzed oxidation of o-phenylenediamine.