Patient and personnel factors affect operating room start times.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative efficiency has been studied, although little is known about patient and personnel factors associated with a timely operating room start. We hypothesize that patient, personnel factors, and induction-order decisions are associated with anesthesia induction time.
METHODS: An institutional database was used to identify the anesthesia induction time of adults undergoing first-start, elective operations from January 2014 to May 2017 at an academic quaternary care center. Data included patient demographics; surgeon and anesthesiologist, as well as their seniority (years since initial board certification); certified registered nurse anesthetist versus anesthesia resident staffing; and use of neuraxial anesthesia. Times were measured as minutes from scheduled start to induction. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with induction time.
RESULTS: We identified 15,823 cases. Predictors of later induction included add-on cases (1,224 cases were add-ons, 7.73%), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥ 3, neuraxial anesthesia, and certified registered nurse anesthetist staffing. Surgeon seniority-but not gender-affected induction time. In 11,093 cases (70.1%), the anesthesiologist was scheduled for multiple first starts with a choice of which patient to induce first. Surgeon gender was predictive of induction order, with cases of male surgeons induced first more frequently than female surgeons' (47.0% vs 44.1%, P = .02). Cases staffed by anesthesiology residents were more likely to be induced first compared with those staffed by certified registered nurse anesthetists (52.1% vs 41.5%, P < .01).
CONCLUSION: Patient and personnel factors affect the order of case induction, but induction time is most dependent on patient factors. Hospitals should focus on improving preparedness and limiting bias to create a more equitable and efficient perioperative process.