Gabriella Facchinetti1, Daniela D'Angelo2, Michela Piredda3, Tommasangelo Petitti4, Maria Matarese3, Alice Oliveti5, Maria Grazia De Marinis3. 1. School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier, 1 00133, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: https://www.twitter.com/selspeechie. 2. School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier, 1 00133, Rome, Italy; National Center for Clinical Excellence, Quality and the Safety of Care (CNEC)', Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Giano della Bella 34, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: dangelo@iss.it. 3. Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy. 4. Research Unit Hygiene, Statistics and Public Health, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy. 5. Health management, Villa Betania Clinic, Via Pio IV 42, 00165, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hospital readmission after discharge is a frequent, burdensome and costly event, particularly frequent in older people with multiple chronic conditions. Few literature reviews have analysed studies of continuity of care interventions to reduce readmissions of older inpatients discharged home over the short and long term. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuity of care interventions in older people with chronic diseases in reducing short and long term hospital readmission after hospital discharge. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search on the databases PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE was performed on 27 January 2019 with no language and time limits. REVIEW METHODS: RCTs on continuity of care interventions on older people discharged from hospital having hospital readmission as outcome, were included. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Selected outcome data were combined and pooled using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. RESULTS: Thirty RCTs, representing 8920 patients were included. Results were stratified by time of readmissions. At 1 month from discharge, the continuity interventions were associated with lower readmission rates in 207/1595 patients in the experimental group (12.9%), versus 264/1645 patients in the control group (16%) (Relative Risk [RR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71-0.99]). From 1 to 3 months, readmission rates were lower in 325/1480 patients in the experimental group (21.9%), versus 455/1523 patients in the control group (29.8%) (RR 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.84]). A subgroup analysis showed that this positive effect was stronger when the interventions addressed all of the continuity dimensions. After 3 months this impact became inconclusive with moderate/high statistical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Continuity of care interventions prevent short term hospital readmission in older people with chronic diseases. However, there is inconclusive evidence about the effectiveness of continuity interventions aiming to reduce long term readmission, and it is suggested that stronger focus on it is needed.
BACKGROUND: Hospital readmission after discharge is a frequent, burdensome and costly event, particularly frequent in older people with multiple chronic conditions. Few literature reviews have analysed studies of continuity of care interventions to reduce readmissions of older inpatients discharged home over the short and long term. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuity of care interventions in older people with chronic diseases in reducing short and long term hospital readmission after hospital discharge. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search on the databases PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE was performed on 27 January 2019 with no language and time limits. REVIEW METHODS: RCTs on continuity of care interventions on older people discharged from hospital having hospital readmission as outcome, were included. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Selected outcome data were combined and pooled using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. RESULTS: Thirty RCTs, representing 8920 patients were included. Results were stratified by time of readmissions. At 1 month from discharge, the continuity interventions were associated with lower readmission rates in 207/1595 patients in the experimental group (12.9%), versus 264/1645 patients in the control group (16%) (Relative Risk [RR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71-0.99]). From 1 to 3 months, readmission rates were lower in 325/1480 patients in the experimental group (21.9%), versus 455/1523 patients in the control group (29.8%) (RR 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.84]). A subgroup analysis showed that this positive effect was stronger when the interventions addressed all of the continuity dimensions. After 3 months this impact became inconclusive with moderate/high statistical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Continuity of care interventions prevent short term hospital readmission in older people with chronic diseases. However, there is inconclusive evidence about the effectiveness of continuity interventions aiming to reduce long term readmission, and it is suggested that stronger focus on it is needed.
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