The new age of insecticide discovery-the crop protection industry and the impact of natural products.

Improvements in food production and disease vector control, to feed and protect an expanding global population, require new options and approaches for insect control. A changing and an increasingly stringent regulatory landscape, shifts in pest spectrum due to changes in agronomic practices, and insect resistance to existing insecticides, all contribute to the challenges of, and need for, developing new insect control agents. The nature of insecticides emanating from discovery R&D-based companies in the European Union, Japan, and the United States have evolved from a concentration on a few classes of insecticides and modes of action (MoA), to a far more diversified collection of insecticidal molecules that embody many new, or under-utilized MoAs. Since 1990 there has arguably been a new age of insecticide discovery, with more new classes of insecticides introduced, with greater economic impact, than the prior 50 years combined. Although there has been an on-going evolution and consolidation in the size and shape of the crop protection industry, for the past two decades the output of new insecticides has remained relatively constant. The diversity of approaches employed in the insecticide discovery process (competitor inspired, bioactive hypothesis and natural products) has contributed to the discovery of these new classes of insecticides. Insecticide discovery is today a global enterprise, that armed with new tools and capabilities, will continue to build and provide the future insect control products to meet global grower and consumer demands.