Mohammad Reza Mohammadi1, Nastaran Ahmadi2, Ali Khaleghi1, Hadi Zarafshan1, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi1, Koorosh Kamali3, Mehdi Rahgozar4, Ameneh Ahmadi1, Zahra Hooshyari1, Seyyed Salman Alavi1, Alia Shakiba1, Maryam Salmanian1, Parviz Molavi5, Nasrin Sarraf6, Seyed Kaveh Hojjat7, Soleiman Mohammadzadeh8, Shahrokh Amiri9, Soroor Arman10, Ahmad Ghanizadeh11. 1. Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 3. Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran. 6. Department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. 7. Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. 8. Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. 9. Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 10. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 11. Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is no clear picture regarding the prevalence rates of autism and its comorbidities among Iranian children and adolescents. The present study aimed to estimate these rates as part of a large national population-based study on epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: The total sample consisted of 31000 children and adolescents between 6 to 18 years of age. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Present and Life time version (K-SADS-PL) was used as the diagnostic tool. RESULTS: The prevalence of autism in the total sample is equal to 0.1% (10 per 10000), with a 2:1 male-to-female ratio. In total, 86% of people with autism had at least one comorbid condition. Intellectual disability, epilepsy, enuresis and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with prevalence rates of 70.3%, 29.7%, 27% and 21.62%, respectively, were the most prevalent comorbid conditions in people with autism. Maternal personality disorders were also shown to be associated with increasing risk of autism. CONCLUSION: The present study shows high prevalence rates for autism and its comorbid conditions among Iranian children and adolescents. It also reveals that there is a relationship between some maternal psychiatric disorders and the risk of autism.
BACKGROUND: There is no clear picture regarding the prevalence rates of autism and its comorbidities among Iranian children and adolescents. The present study aimed to estimate these rates as part of a large national population-based study on epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: The total sample consisted of 31000 children and adolescents between 6 to 18 years of age. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Present and Life time version (K-SADS-PL) was used as the diagnostic tool. RESULTS: The prevalence of autism in the total sample is equal to 0.1% (10 per 10000), with a 2:1 male-to-female ratio. In total, 86% of people with autism had at least one comorbid condition. Intellectual disability, epilepsy, enuresis and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with prevalence rates of 70.3%, 29.7%, 27% and 21.62%, respectively, were the most prevalent comorbid conditions in people with autism. Maternal personality disorders were also shown to be associated with increasing risk of autism. CONCLUSION: The present study shows high prevalence rates for autism and its comorbid conditions among Iranian children and adolescents. It also reveals that there is a relationship between some maternal psychiatric disorders and the risk of autism.
Authors: Marco Solmi; Minjin Song; Dong Keon Yon; Seung Won Lee; Eric Fombonne; Min Seo Kim; Seoyeon Park; Min Ho Lee; Jimin Hwang; Roberto Keller; Ai Koyanagi; Louis Jacob; Elena Dragioti; Lee Smith; Christoph U Correll; Paolo Fusar-Poli; Giovanni Croatto; Andre F Carvalho; Jae Won Oh; San Lee; Corentin J Gosling; Keun-Ah Cheon; Dimitris Mavridis; Che-Sheng Chu; Chih-Sung Liang; Joaquim Radua; Laurent Boyer; Guillaume Fond; Jae Il Shin; Samuele Cortese Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2022-06-29 Impact factor: 15.992