Bilateral is superior to unilateral varicocelectomy in infertile men with bilateral varicocele: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate whether bilateral surgery can bring more benefits to infertile patients with bilateral varicocele than unilateral surgery. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library on 13 January 2019 was conducted to identify studies published in English that used varicocelectomy. The protocol of the present meta-analysis was pre-published on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019093894). Primary outcomes were spontaneous pregnancy rates. A total of eleven articles were finally enrolled in, with a total of 1,743 patients. Spontaneous pregnancy rate was higher in patient with bilateral varicocelectomy than unilateral varicocelectomy with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.89 (95% CI 1.52-2.35; I2  = 0%; p < .00001). The results indicated bilateral is superior than unilateral varicocelectomy concerning sperm concentration (SMD: 2.88 × 106 /ml; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.70; I2  = 93%), sperm motility (SMD: 5.08; 95% CI: 2.65, 7.50; I2  = 0%), progression of sperm motility (SMD: 6.48; 95% CI: 5.16, 7.81; I2  = 0%) and sperm morphology (SMD: 2.38%; 95% CI: 0.72, 4.03; I2  = 94%) between bilateral and unilateral varicocelectomy. Bilateral varicocelectomy may be superior to unilateral in regard to spontaneous pregnancy rate and sperm motility for infertile male with bilateral varicocele (both left clinical and right subclinical varicocele and bilateral clinical varicocele).