I González-Ortega1,2,3,4, A González-Pinto1,2,3, S Alberich1,2,3,4, E Echeburúa1,5, M Bernardo1,6, B Cabrera1,6, S Amoretti1,6, A Lobo1,7, C Arango1,8, I Corripio1,9, E Vieta1,10, E de la Serna1,11, R Rodriguez-Jimenez1,12, R Segarra1,13, J M López-Ilundain14, A M Sánchez-Torres14, M J Cuesta14, I Zorrilla1,2,3, P López1,2,3, M Bioque1,6, G Mezquida1,6, F Barcones7,15, C De-la-Cámara1,7, M Parellada1,8, A Espliego1,8, A Alonso-Solís1,9, E M Grasa1,9, C Varo10, L Montejo1,10, J Castro-Fornieles1,11, I Baeza1,11, M Dompablo1,12, I Torio1,12, A Zabala1,13, J I Eguiluz1,13, L Moreno-Izco14, J Sanjuan1,16, R Guirado17, I Cáceres18, P Garnier18, F Contreras1,19,20, J Bobes1,21, S Al-Halabí1,21,22, J Usall1,23, A Butjosa1,23, S Sarró1,24, R Landin-Romero24, A Ibáñez1,25, G Selva1,26. 1. Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain. 3. Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain. 4. The National Distance Education University (UNED), Vitoria, Spain. 5. Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain. 6. Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 7. Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. 8. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain. 9. Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. 10. Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 12. 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain. 13. Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain. 14. Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. 15. Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. 16. INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Spain. 17. Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 18. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. 19. Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. 20. Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 21. Psychiatry Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 22. Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain. 23. Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 24. FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. 25. Psychiatry Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRyCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. 26. Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years. METHODS: The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (-10.215 to -0.337) and (-4.731 to -0.605) respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
BACKGROUND: Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years. METHODS: The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (-10.215 to -0.337) and (-4.731 to -0.605) respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cognitive reserve; first episode psychosis; psychosocial functioning; social cognition
Authors: Verónica Romero-Ferreiro; Lorena García-Fernández; Ana Isabel Aparicio; Isabel Martínez-Gras; Mónica Dompablo; Luis Sánchez-Pastor; David Rentero; Miguel Ángel Alvarez-Mon; Juan Manuel Espejo-Saavedra; Guillermo Lahera; Paloma Marí-Beffa; José Luis Santos; Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2022-04-06 Impact factor: 4.241