Allison Ross Eckard1, Stephanie E Kirk2, Nancy L Hagood2. 1. Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave., MSC 752, Charleston, SC, USA. eckarda@musc.edu. 2. Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave., MSC 752, Charleston, SC, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mother to child transmission of HIV, data continue to mount that infants exposed to HIV in utero but are not infected (HEU) have serious negative health consequences compared to unexposed infants. This review evaluates recent literature on contemporary issues related to complications seen in pregnant women with HIV and their offspring. RECENT FINDINGS: Current studies show that HEU infants are at a high risk of adverse outcomes, including premature birth, poor growth, neurodevelopmental impairment, immune dysfunction, infectious morbidity, and death. Etiologies for the observed clinical events and subclinical alterations are complex and multifactorial, and the long-term consequences of many findings are yet unknown. HEU infants have an unacceptable rate of morbidity and mortality from perinatal HIV and ART exposure, even in the modern ART era. Continual monitoring and reporting is imperative to protect this vulnerable population in our everchanging landscape of HIV treatment and prevention.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mother to child transmission of HIV, data continue to mount that infants exposed to HIV in utero but are not infected (HEU) have serious negative health consequences compared to unexposed infants. This review evaluates recent literature on contemporary issues related to complications seen in pregnant women with HIV and their offspring. RECENT FINDINGS: Current studies show that HEU infants are at a high risk of adverse outcomes, including premature birth, poor growth, neurodevelopmental impairment, immune dysfunction, infectious morbidity, and death. Etiologies for the observed clinical events and subclinical alterations are complex and multifactorial, and the long-term consequences of many findings are yet unknown. HEU infants have an unacceptable rate of morbidity and mortality from perinatal HIV and ART exposure, even in the modern ART era. Continual monitoring and reporting is imperative to protect this vulnerable population in our everchanging landscape of HIV treatment and prevention.
Entities:
Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapy; Drug safety in pregnancy; HIV-exposed; Mitochondrial toxicity; Morbidity and mortality; Perinatal HIV; Uninfected infants
Authors: Ayotunde James Fasunla; Babatunde Oluwatosin Ogunbosi; Georgina Njideka Odaibo; Onyekwere George Benjamin Nwaorgu; Babafemi Taiwo; David Olufemi Olaleye; Kikelomo Osinusi; Robert Leo Murphy; Isaac Folorunso Adewole; Olusegun Olusina Akinyinka Journal: AIDS Date: 2014-09-24 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Paige L Williams; Marilyn J Crain; Cenk Yildirim; Rohan Hazra; Russell B Van Dyke; Kenneth Rich; Jennifer S Read; Emma Stuard; Mobeen Rathore; Hermann A Mendez; D Heather Watts Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2015-01 Impact factor: 16.193
Authors: Alana T Brennan; Rachael Bonawitz; Christopher J Gill; Donald M Thea; Mary Kleinman; Johanna Useem; Lindsey Garrison; Rachel Ceccarelli; Chinenye Udokwu; Lawrence Long; Matthew P Fox Journal: AIDS Date: 2016-09-24 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Grace A McComsey; Minhee Kang; Allison C Ross; Dirk Lebrecht; Elizabeth Livingston; Ann Melvin; Jane Hitti; Susan E Cohn; Ulrich A Walker Journal: HIV Clin Trials Date: 2008 Mar-Apr
Authors: Jean B Nachega; Olalekan A Uthman; Lynne M Mofenson; Jean R Anderson; Steve Kanters; Francoise Renaud; Nathan Ford; Shaffiq Essajee; Meg C Doherty; Edward J Mills Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2017-09-01 Impact factor: 3.731