The mechanism and function of active DNA demethylation in plants.

DNA methylation is a conserved and important epigenetic mark in both mammals and plants. DNA methylation can be dynamically established, maintained and removed through different pathways. In plants, active DNA demethylation is initiated by the ROS1 family of bifunctional DNA glycosylases/lyases. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA demethylation is important in many processes in plants. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the enzymes and regulatory factors that have been identified in the DNA demethylation pathway. We also review the functions of active DNA demethylation in plant development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. Finally, we highlight those aspects of DNA demethylation that require additional research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.