Stephanie T Chung1, Celeste K L Cravalho1, Abby G Meyers2, Amber B Courville3, Shanna Yang3, Nirupa Rachel Matthan4, Lilian Mabundo1, Maureen Sampson5, Ronald Ouwerkerk1, Ahmed M Gharib1, Alice H Lichtenstein4, Alan T Remaley5, Anne E Sumner1,6. 1. From the Intramural Program of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.T.C., C.K.L.C., L.M., R.O., A.M.G., A.E.S.). 2. Intramural Program of National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, MD (A.G.M.). 3. NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (A.B.C., S.Y.). 4. Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.R.M., A.H.L.). 5. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.S., A.T.R.). 6. National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.E.S.).
Abstract
RATIONALE: In black women, triglycerides are paradoxically normal in the presence of insulin resistance. This relationship may be explained by race-related differences in central adiposity and SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase)-1 enzyme activity index. OBJECTIVE: In a cross-sectional study, to compare fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle (TRLP) concentrations and size in black compared with white pre- and postmenopausal women and determine the relationship between TRLP subfractions and whole-body insulin sensitivity, hepatic and visceral fat, and SCD-1 levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 122 federally employed women without diabetes mellitus, 73 black (58 African American and 15 African immigrant) and 49 white; age, 44±10 (mean±SD) years; body mass index, 30.0±5.6 kg/m2, we measured lipoprotein subfractions using nuclear magnetic resonance. Hepatic fat was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, insulin sensitivity index calculated by minimal modeling from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose test, and red blood cell fatty acid profiles were measured by gas chromatography and were used to estimate SCD-1 indices. Hepatic fat, insulin sensitivity index, and SCD-1 were similar in black women and lower than in whites, regardless of menopausal status. Fasting and postprandial large, medium, and small TRLPs, but not very small TRLPs, were lower in black women. Fasting large, medium, and very small TRLPs negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index and positively correlated with visceral and hepatic fat and SCD-1 activity in both groups. In multivariate models, visceral fat and SCD-1 were associated with total fasting TRLP concentrations (adjR2, 0.39; P=0.001). Black women had smaller postprandial changes in large (P=0.005) and medium TRLPs (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Lower visceral fat and SCD-1 activity may contribute to the paradoxical association of lower fasting and postprandial TRLP subfractions despite insulin resistance in black compared with white pre- and postmenopausal women. Similar concentrations of very small TRLPs are related to insulin resistance and could be important mediators of cardiometabolic disease risk in women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01809288.
RATIONALE: In black women, triglycerides are paradoxically normal in the presence of insulin resistance. This relationship may be explained by race-related differences in central adiposity and SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase)-1 enzyme activity index. OBJECTIVE: In a cross-sectional study, to compare fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle (TRLP) concentrations and size in black compared with white pre- and postmenopausal women and determine the relationship between TRLP subfractions and whole-body insulin sensitivity, hepatic and visceral fat, and SCD-1 levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 122 federally employed women without diabetes mellitus, 73 black (58 African American and 15 African immigrant) and 49 white; age, 44±10 (mean±SD) years; body mass index, 30.0±5.6 kg/m2, we measured lipoprotein subfractions using nuclear magnetic resonance. Hepatic fat was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, insulin sensitivity index calculated by minimal modeling from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose test, and red blood cell fatty acid profiles were measured by gas chromatography and were used to estimate SCD-1 indices. Hepatic fat, insulin sensitivity index, and SCD-1 were similar in black women and lower than in whites, regardless of menopausal status. Fasting and postprandial large, medium, and small TRLPs, but not very small TRLPs, were lower in black women. Fasting large, medium, and very small TRLPs negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index and positively correlated with visceral and hepatic fat and SCD-1 activity in both groups. In multivariate models, visceral fat and SCD-1 were associated with total fasting TRLP concentrations (adjR2, 0.39; P=0.001). Black women had smaller postprandial changes in large (P=0.005) and medium TRLPs (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Lower visceral fat and SCD-1 activity may contribute to the paradoxical association of lower fasting and postprandial TRLP subfractions despite insulin resistance in black compared with white pre- and postmenopausal women. Similar concentrations of very small TRLPs are related to insulin resistance and could be important mediators of cardiometabolic disease risk in women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01809288.
Entities:
Keywords:
continental population groups; humans; insulin resistance; liver; obesity
Authors: Evan S Berk; Julia A Johnson; Mijeong Lee; Kuan Zhang; Carol N Boozer; F Xavier Pi-Sunyer; Susan K Fried; Jeanine B Albu Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Stephanie T Chung; Amber B Courville; Anthony U Onuzuruike; Mirella Galvan-De La Cruz; Lilian S Mabundo; Christopher W DuBose; Kannan Kasturi; Hongyi Cai; Ahmed M Gharib; Peter J Walter; H Martin Garraffo; Shaji Chacko; Morey W Haymond; Anne E Sumner Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2018-09-20
Authors: Anne E Sumner; Gloria L Vega; David J Genovese; Karl B Finley; Richard N Bergman; Raymond C Boston Journal: Metabolism Date: 2005-07 Impact factor: 8.694
Authors: Liyun Wang; Frank M Sacks; Jeremy D Furtado; Madia Ricks; Amber B Courville; Anne E Sumner Journal: Nutr Metab (Lond) Date: 2014-12-17 Impact factor: 4.169
Authors: Stephanie T Chung; Samantha T Matta; Abby G Meyers; Celeste K Cravalho; Alfredo Villalobos-Perez; Joshua M Dawson; Vandhna R Sharma; Maureen L Sampson; James D Otvos; Sheela N Magge Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2021-05-18 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Reuben M Reed; Sarah J Nevitt; Graham J Kemp; Daniel J Cuthbertson; Martin B Whyte; Louise M Goff Journal: Acta Diabetol Date: 2021-09-13 Impact factor: 4.280