Donna Parizadeh1, Seyyed Saeed Moazzeni1, Mitra Hasheminia1, Pegah Khaloo1,2, Mohammad Ali Mansournia3, Fereidoun Azizi4, Amir Abbas Momenan1, Farzad Hadaegh5. 1. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran. 2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran. fzhadaegh@endocrine.ac.ir.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the initiation rate and determinants of tobacco smoking among adults. METHODS: In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a population-based cohort from Iran, 6101 participants ≥ 18 years old who had never smoked tobacco at baseline (phase II: 2002-2006) were followed until phase VI (2015-2018). Sex-specific initiation rates per 1000 person-years for self-reported tobacco smoking and hazard ratios (HR) for its potential determinants (using Cox proportional hazards models) were calculated. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted smoking initiation rate was 13.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.59-14.94] per 1000 person-years, of which 78% was attributed to water pipe use. Initiation rate was remarkably higher among men [19.1 (16.9-21.2)] than women [8.3 (7.4-9.2)] and declined in older age-groups. Among both genders, being married was protective [men: HR 0.67 (CI 95% 0.48-0.92); women: 0.58 (0.45-0.74)], while intermediate-level education (compared with high level) [men: 1.61 (1.14-2.26); women: 1.33 (0.95-1.84, p value = 0.092)] and passive smoking [men: 1.76 (1.36-2.28); women: 1.82 (1.42-2.33)] increased the risk. Educational intervention decreased the risk among women [0.74 (0.58-0.94)]. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adult smoking initiators started smoking with water pipe. The initiation rate was remarkably higher in men and younger age-groups. Passive smoking, being single and lower education were risk factors. Educational intervention was protective among women.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the initiation rate and determinants of tobacco smoking among adults. METHODS: In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a population-based cohort from Iran, 6101 participants ≥ 18 years old who had never smoked tobacco at baseline (phase II: 2002-2006) were followed until phase VI (2015-2018). Sex-specific initiation rates per 1000 person-years for self-reported tobacco smoking and hazard ratios (HR) for its potential determinants (using Cox proportional hazards models) were calculated. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted smoking initiation rate was 13.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.59-14.94] per 1000 person-years, of which 78% was attributed to water pipe use. Initiation rate was remarkably higher among men [19.1 (16.9-21.2)] than women [8.3 (7.4-9.2)] and declined in older age-groups. Among both genders, being married was protective [men: HR 0.67 (CI 95% 0.48-0.92); women: 0.58 (0.45-0.74)], while intermediate-level education (compared with high level) [men: 1.61 (1.14-2.26); women: 1.33 (0.95-1.84, p value = 0.092)] and passive smoking [men: 1.76 (1.36-2.28); women: 1.82 (1.42-2.33)] increased the risk. Educational intervention decreased the risk among women [0.74 (0.58-0.94)]. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adult smoking initiators started smoking with water pipe. The initiation rate was remarkably higher in men and younger age-groups. Passive smoking, being single and lower education were risk factors. Educational intervention was protective among women.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cigarette; Initiation rate; Intervention; Smoking; The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study; Tobacco; Water pipe
Authors: Andrea Ruiz-Alejos; Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco; J Jaime Miranda; Cheryl A M Anderson; Robert H Gilman; Liam Smeeth; Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-04-03 Impact factor: 4.379