Erica C Jansen1,2, Galit Levi Dunietz2, Aleena Dababneh2, Karen E Peterson1, Ronald D Chervin2, Jonggyu Baek3, Louise O'Brien2, Peter X K Song4, Alejandra Cantoral5, Howard Hu6, Martha M Téllez-Rojo7. 1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2. Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 3. Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5. CONACYT, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 6. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington. 7. Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Lead exposure has been linked to adverse cognitive outcomes among children, and sleep disturbances could potentially mediate these relationships. As a first step, whether childhood lead levels are linked to sleep disturbances must be ascertained. Prior studies of lead and sleep are scarce and rely on parent-reported sleep data. METHODS: The study population included 395 participants from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants project, a group of sequentially enrolled birth cohorts from Mexico City. Blood lead levels measured from ages 1 to 4 years were used to calculate a cumulative measure of early childhood lead levels. Average sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and movement index were assessed once between the ages of 9 and 18 years with wrist actigraphs worn for a continuous 7-day interval. Linear regression models were fit with average sleep duration, fragmentation, or movement as the outcome and cumulative lead levels divided into quartiles as the exposure, adjusted for age, sex, and maternal education. RESULTS: Mean (standard deviation) age at follow-up was 13.8 (1.9) years, and 48% of participants were boys. Median (interquartile range) cumulative childhood lead level was 13.7 (10.8, 18.0) μg/dL. Patients in the highest quartile of the cumulative childhood lead group had on average 23 minutes less sleep than those in the first quartile in adolescence (95% confidence interval [7, 39]; P, trend = .02). Higher cumulative lead level was associated with higher sleep fragmentation in younger adolescents (younger than 14 years) only (P, interaction = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Shorter sleep duration may represent an as-yet unrecognized adverse consequence of lead exposure in youth.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Lead exposure has been linked to adverse cognitive outcomes among children, and sleep disturbances could potentially mediate these relationships. As a first step, whether childhood lead levels are linked to sleep disturbances must be ascertained. Prior studies of lead and sleep are scarce and rely on parent-reported sleep data. METHODS: The study population included 395 participants from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants project, a group of sequentially enrolled birth cohorts from Mexico City. Blood lead levels measured from ages 1 to 4 years were used to calculate a cumulative measure of early childhood lead levels. Average sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and movement index were assessed once between the ages of 9 and 18 years with wrist actigraphs worn for a continuous 7-day interval. Linear regression models were fit with average sleep duration, fragmentation, or movement as the outcome and cumulative lead levels divided into quartiles as the exposure, adjusted for age, sex, and maternal education. RESULTS: Mean (standard deviation) age at follow-up was 13.8 (1.9) years, and 48% of participants were boys. Median (interquartile range) cumulative childhood lead level was 13.7 (10.8, 18.0) μg/dL. Patients in the highest quartile of the cumulative childhood lead group had on average 23 minutes less sleep than those in the first quartile in adolescence (95% confidence interval [7, 39]; P, trend = .02). Higher cumulative lead level was associated with higher sleep fragmentation in younger adolescents (younger than 14 years) only (P, interaction = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Shorter sleep duration may represent an as-yet unrecognized adverse consequence of lead exposure in youth.
Authors: Ramkumar Aishworiya; Po Fun Chan; Jennifer Sh Kiing; Shang Chee Chong; Stacey Kh Tay Journal: Ann Acad Med Singapore Date: 2016-11 Impact factor: 2.473
Authors: Leonor C Acosta-Saavedra; Ma Elena Moreno; Theresia Rodríguez-Kessler; Ana Luna; Daniela Arias-Salvatierra; Rocío Gómez; Emma S Calderon-Aranda Journal: Toxicol Mech Methods Date: 2011-10-10 Impact factor: 2.987
Authors: Sally I-Chun Kuo; Kimberly A Updegraff; Katharine H Zeiders; Susan M McHale; Adriana J Umaña-Taylor; Sue A Rodríguez De Jesús Journal: J Youth Adolesc Date: 2014-07-22
Authors: Mauricio Hernandez-Avila; Teresa Gonzalez-Cossio; Juan E Hernandez-Avila; Isabelle Romieu; Karen E Peterson; Antonio Aro; Eduardo Palazuelos; Howard Hu Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Ivan Pantic; Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz; Antonio Rosa-Parra; Luis Bautista-Arredondo; Robert O Wright; Karen E Peterson; Lourdes Schnaas; Stephen J Rothenberg; Howard Hu; Martha María Téllez-Rojo Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-09-30 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Erica C Jansen; Emily C Hector; Jaclyn M Goodrich; Alejandra Cantoral; Martha María Téllez Rojo; Niladri Basu; Peter X K Song; Libni Torres Olascoaga; Karen E Peterson Journal: Environ Res Date: 2020-09-18 Impact factor: 6.498