Anna Strid1, Elinor Hallström2, Therese Hjorth1, Ingegerd Johansson3, Bernt Lindahl4, Ulf Sonesson2, Anna Winkvist1, Ena Huseinovic1. 1. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 2. Department of Agrifood and Bioscience, RISE- Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden. 3. Cariology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 4. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine climate impact from diet across background and sociodemographic characteristics in a population-based cohort in northern Sweden. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme. Dietary data from a 64-item food frequency questionnaire collected during 1996-2016 were used. Energy-adjusted greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) for all participants, expressed as kg carbon dioxide equivalents/day and 4184 kJ (1000 kcal), were estimated using data from life cycle analyses. Differences in background and sociodemographic characteristics were examined between participants with low and high GHGE from diet, respectively. The variables evaluated were age, BMI, physical activity, marital status, level of education, smoking, and residence. SETTING: Västerbotten county in northern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 46 893 women and 45 766 men aged 29-65 years. RESULTS: Differences in GHGE from diet were found across the majority of examined variables. The strongest associations were found between GHGE from diet and age, BMI, education, and residence (all P < 0·001), with the highest GHGE from diet found among women and men who were younger, had a higher BMI, higher educational level, and lived in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to examine climate impact from diet across background and sociodemographic characteristics. The results show that climate impact from diet is associated with age, BMI, residence and educational level amongst men and women in Västerbotten, Sweden. These results define potential target populations where public health interventions addressing a move towards more climate-friendly food choices and reduced climate impact from diet could be most effective.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine climate impact from diet across background and sociodemographic characteristics in a population-based cohort in northern Sweden. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme. Dietary data from a 64-item food frequency questionnaire collected during 1996-2016 were used. Energy-adjusted greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) for all participants, expressed as kg carbon dioxide equivalents/day and 4184 kJ (1000 kcal), were estimated using data from life cycle analyses. Differences in background and sociodemographic characteristics were examined between participants with low and high GHGE from diet, respectively. The variables evaluated were age, BMI, physical activity, marital status, level of education, smoking, and residence. SETTING: Västerbotten county in northern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 46 893 women and 45 766 men aged 29-65 years. RESULTS: Differences in GHGE from diet were found across the majority of examined variables. The strongest associations were found between GHGE from diet and age, BMI, education, and residence (all P < 0·001), with the highest GHGE from diet found among women and men who were younger, had a higher BMI, higher educational level, and lived in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to examine climate impact from diet across background and sociodemographic characteristics. The results show that climate impact from diet is associated with age, BMI, residence and educational level amongst men and women in Västerbotten, Sweden. These results define potential target populations where public health interventions addressing a move towards more climate-friendly food choices and reduced climate impact from diet could be most effective.
Authors: Josefa Maria Fellegger Garzillo; Priscila Pereira Machado; Fernanda Helena Marrocos Leite; Euridice Martinez Steele; Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie Poli; Maria Laura da Costa Louzada; Renata Bertazzi Levy; Carlos Augusto Monteiro Journal: Rev Saude Publica Date: 2021-12-08 Impact factor: 2.106