Changyu Sun1, Yang Yang2,3, Xiaoying Cai1,4, Michael Salerno1,2,5, Craig H Meyer1,5, Daniel Weller1,5,6, Frederick H Epstein1,5. 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. 2. Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia. 3. Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 4. Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia. 6. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Spiral MRI has advantages for cardiac imaging, and multiband (MB) spiral MRI of the heart shows promise. However, current reconstruction methods for MB spiral imaging have limitations. We sought to develop improved reconstruction methods for MB spiral cardiac MRI. METHODS: Two reconstruction methods were developed. The first is non-Cartesian slice-GRAPPA (NCSG), which uses phase demodulation and gridding operations before application of a Cartesian slice-separating kernel. The second method, slice-SPIRiT, formulates the reconstruction as a minimization problem that enforces in-plane coil consistency and consistency with the acquired MB data, and uses through-plane coil sensitivity information in the iterative solution. These methods were compared with conjugate-gradient SENSE in phantoms and volunteers. Temporal alternation of CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) phase and the use of a temporal filter were also investigated. RESULTS: Phantom experiments with 3 simultaneous slices (MB = 3) showed that mean artifact power was highest for conjugate-gradient SENSE, lower for NCSG, and lowest for slice-SPIRiT. For volunteer cine imaging (MB = 3, N = 5), the artifact power was 0.182 ± 0.037, 0.148 ± 0.036, and 0.139 ± 0.034 for conjugate-gradient SENSE, NCSG, and slice-SPIRiT, respectively (P < .05, analysis of variance). Temporal alternation of CAIPIRINHA reduced artifacts for both NCSG and slice-SPIRiT. CONCLUSION: The NCSG and slice-SPIRiT methods provide more accurate reconstructions for MB spiral cine imaging compared with conjugate-gradient SENSE. These methods hold promise for non-Cartesian MB imaging.
PURPOSE: Spiral MRI has advantages for cardiac imaging, and multiband (MB) spiral MRI of the heart shows promise. However, current reconstruction methods for MB spiral imaging have limitations. We sought to develop improved reconstruction methods for MB spiral cardiac MRI. METHODS: Two reconstruction methods were developed. The first is non-Cartesian slice-GRAPPA (NCSG), which uses phase demodulation and gridding operations before application of a Cartesian slice-separating kernel. The second method, slice-SPIRiT, formulates the reconstruction as a minimization problem that enforces in-plane coil consistency and consistency with the acquired MB data, and uses through-plane coil sensitivity information in the iterative solution. These methods were compared with conjugate-gradient SENSE in phantoms and volunteers. Temporal alternation of CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) phase and the use of a temporal filter were also investigated. RESULTS: Phantom experiments with 3 simultaneous slices (MB = 3) showed that mean artifact power was highest for conjugate-gradient SENSE, lower for NCSG, and lowest for slice-SPIRiT. For volunteer cine imaging (MB = 3, N = 5), the artifact power was 0.182 ± 0.037, 0.148 ± 0.036, and 0.139 ± 0.034 for conjugate-gradient SENSE, NCSG, and slice-SPIRiT, respectively (P < .05, analysis of variance). Temporal alternation of CAIPIRINHA reduced artifacts for both NCSG and slice-SPIRiT. CONCLUSION: The NCSG and slice-SPIRiT methods provide more accurate reconstructions for MB spiral cine imaging compared with conjugate-gradient SENSE. These methods hold promise for non-Cartesian MB imaging.
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