Alwin Zweerink1, Odette A E Salden2, Wouter M van Everdingen2, Gerben J de Roest1, Peter M van de Ven3, Maarten J Cramer2, Pieter A Doevendans2, Albert C van Rossum1, Kevin Vernooy4, Frits W Prinzen5, Mathias Meine2, Cornelis P Allaart6. 1. Department of Cardiology, and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 4. Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 5. Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. 6. Department of Cardiology, and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: cp.allaart@vumc.nl.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the acute effect of dP/dtmax- versus stroke work (SW)-guided cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) optimization and the related acute hemodynamic changes to long-term CRT response. BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic optimization may increase benefit from CRT. Typically, maximal left ventricular (LV) pressure rise dP/dtmax is used as an index of ventricular performance. Alternatively, SW can be derived from pressure-volume (PV) loops. METHODS: Forty-one patients underwent CRT implantation followed by invasive PV loop measurements. The stimulation protocol included 16 LV pacing configurations using each individual electrode of the quadripolar lead with 4 atrioventricular (AV) delays. Conventional CRT was defined as pacing from the distal electrode with an AV delay of approximately 120 ms. RESULTS: Compared with conventional CRT, dP/dtmax-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional dP/dtmax increase (17 ± 11% vs. 12 ± 9%; p < 0.001). Similarly, SW-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional SW increase (80 ± 55% vs. 53 ± 48%; p < 0.001). Comparing both optimization strategies, dP/dtmax favored contractility (8 ± 12% vs. 5 ± 10%; p = 0.015), whereas SW optimization improved ventricular-arterial (VA) coupling (45% vs. 32%; p < 0.001). After 6 months, mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) change was 10 ± 9% with 23 (56%) patients becoming super-responders to CRT (≥10% LVEF improvement). Although acute changes in SW were predictive for long-term CRT response (area under the curve: 0.78; p = 0.002), changes in dP/dtmax were not (area under the curve: 0.65; p = 0.112). CONCLUSIONS: PV-guided hemodynamic optimization in CRT results in approximately one-third SW improvement on top of conventional CRT, caused by a mechanism of enhanced VA coupling. In contrast, dP/dtmax optimization favored LV contractility. Ultimately, acute changes in SW showed larger predictive value for long-term CRT response compared with dP/dtmax.
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the acute effect of dP/dtmax- versus stroke work (SW)-guided cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) optimization and the related acute hemodynamic changes to long-term CRT response. BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic optimization may increase benefit from CRT. Typically, maximal left ventricular (LV) pressure rise dP/dtmax is used as an index of ventricular performance. Alternatively, SW can be derived from pressure-volume (PV) loops. METHODS: Forty-one patients underwent CRT implantation followed by invasive PV loop measurements. The stimulation protocol included 16 LV pacing configurations using each individual electrode of the quadripolar lead with 4 atrioventricular (AV) delays. Conventional CRT was defined as pacing from the distal electrode with an AV delay of approximately 120 ms. RESULTS: Compared with conventional CRT, dP/dtmax-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional dP/dtmax increase (17 ± 11% vs. 12 ± 9%; p < 0.001). Similarly, SW-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional SW increase (80 ± 55% vs. 53 ± 48%; p < 0.001). Comparing both optimization strategies, dP/dtmax favored contractility (8 ± 12% vs. 5 ± 10%; p = 0.015), whereas SW optimization improved ventricular-arterial (VA) coupling (45% vs. 32%; p < 0.001). After 6 months, mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) change was 10 ± 9% with 23 (56%) patients becoming super-responders to CRT (≥10% LVEF improvement). Although acute changes in SW were predictive for long-term CRT response (area under the curve: 0.78; p = 0.002), changes in dP/dtmax were not (area under the curve: 0.65; p = 0.112). CONCLUSIONS: PV-guided hemodynamic optimization in CRT results in approximately one-third SW improvement on top of conventional CRT, caused by a mechanism of enhanced VA coupling. In contrast, dP/dtmax optimization favored LV contractility. Ultimately, acute changes in SW showed larger predictive value for long-term CRT response compared with dP/dtmax.
Authors: Philippe C Wouters; Geert E Leenders; Maarten J Cramer; Mathias Meine; Frits W Prinzen; Pieter A Doevendans; Bart W L De Boeck Journal: Int J Cardiovasc Imaging Date: 2021-02-05 Impact factor: 2.357