Leah H Rubin1,2, Gretchen N Neigh3, Erin E Sundermann4, Yanxun Xu5,6, Eileen P Scully7, Pauline M Maki8,9. 1. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 6-133a, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7613, USA. lrubin1@jhmi.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. lrubin1@jhmi.edu. 3. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 4. School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 5. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 6. Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 7. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 9. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex differences in cognitive function are well documented yet few studies had adequate numbers of women and men living with HIV (WLWH; MLWH) to identify sex differences in neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and the factors contributing to NCI. Here, we review evidence that WLWH may be at greater risk for NCI. RECENT FINDINGS: We conducted a systematic review of recent studies of NCI in WLWH versus MLWH. A power analysis showed that few HIV studies have sufficient power to address male/female differences in NCI but studies with adequate power find evidence of greater NCI in WLWH, particularly in the domains of memory, speed of information processing, and motor function. Sex is an important determinant of NCI in HIV, and may relate to male/female differences in cognitive reserve, comorbidities (mental health and substance use disorders), and biological factors (e.g., inflammation, hormonal, genetic).
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex differences in cognitive function are well documented yet few studies had adequate numbers of women and men living with HIV (WLWH; MLWH) to identify sex differences in neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and the factors contributing to NCI. Here, we review evidence that WLWH may be at greater risk for NCI. RECENT FINDINGS: We conducted a systematic review of recent studies of NCI in WLWH versus MLWH. A power analysis showed that few HIV studies have sufficient power to address male/female differences in NCI but studies with adequate power find evidence of greater NCI in WLWH, particularly in the domains of memory, speed of information processing, and motor function. Sex is an important determinant of NCI in HIV, and may relate to male/female differences in cognitive reserve, comorbidities (mental health and substance use disorders), and biological factors (e.g., inflammation, hormonal, genetic).
Entities:
Keywords:
Cognition; HIV; Neurocognition; Sex differences
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