Aaron M Sinnott1, R J Elbin2, Michael W Collins3, Valerie L Reeves3, Cyndi L Holland3, Anthony P Kontos4. 1. Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, USA. 2. Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Office for Sport Concussion Research, University of Arkansas, USA. 3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA. 4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: akontos@pitt.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The current study investigated the role of persistent vestibular-ocular symptoms and impairment following sport-related concussion on recovery time and clinical outcomes among adolescents. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. METHODS: 50 (F-22/M-28) adolescents aged 12-20 years completed a vestibular-ocular motor screening, neurocognitive assessment, and the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at clinical assessments conducted at 0-10 and 11-21 days after concussion. Participants were assigned to: 1) persistent vestibular-ocular (PERSIST), 2) vestibular-ocular improvement (IMPROVE), or 3) no vestibular-ocular impairment (NONE) groups based on vestibular-ocular motor screening conducted during each assessment. A 3 (GROUP) X 2 (TIME) ANOVA was performed on neurocognitive and symptom scores, and a between-subjects ANOVA was performed for recovery time. RESULTS: 49 subjects were identified among the PERSIST (n=17), IMPROVE (n=12) and NONE (n=20) groups. There were no neurocognitive performance differences between groups at 0-10 days post-concussion, but groups differed on PCSS at 11-21 days (p=.001), with the PERSIST (29.0±24.9) group reporting higher symptoms than the NONE (5.45±10.0; p=.005) group. The PERSIST group took significantly longer to recover (34.9±11.6 days) than the NONE (22.9±14.9 days) group (p=.03). All groups improved on verbal (p<.001) and visual memory (p=.028), visual motor speed (p=.005), and reaction time (p=.004) from 0-10 to 11-20 days following SRC and no significant group by time interactions for cognitive scores identified. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent post-concussion vestibular-ocular symptoms and impairment may influence neurocognitive performance and clinical recovery following sport-related concussion.
OBJECTIVES: The current study investigated the role of persistent vestibular-ocular symptoms and impairment following sport-related concussion on recovery time and clinical outcomes among adolescents. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. METHODS: 50 (F-22/M-28) adolescents aged 12-20 years completed a vestibular-ocular motor screening, neurocognitive assessment, and the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at clinical assessments conducted at 0-10 and 11-21 days after concussion. Participants were assigned to: 1) persistent vestibular-ocular (PERSIST), 2) vestibular-ocular improvement (IMPROVE), or 3) no vestibular-ocular impairment (NONE) groups based on vestibular-ocular motor screening conducted during each assessment. A 3 (GROUP) X 2 (TIME) ANOVA was performed on neurocognitive and symptom scores, and a between-subjects ANOVA was performed for recovery time. RESULTS: 49 subjects were identified among the PERSIST (n=17), IMPROVE (n=12) and NONE (n=20) groups. There were no neurocognitive performance differences between groups at 0-10 days post-concussion, but groups differed on PCSS at 11-21 days (p=.001), with the PERSIST (29.0±24.9) group reporting higher symptoms than the NONE (5.45±10.0; p=.005) group. The PERSIST group took significantly longer to recover (34.9±11.6 days) than the NONE (22.9±14.9 days) group (p=.03). All groups improved on verbal (p<.001) and visual memory (p=.028), visual motor speed (p=.005), and reaction time (p=.004) from 0-10 to 11-20 days following SRC and no significant group by time interactions for cognitive scores identified. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent post-concussion vestibular-ocular symptoms and impairment may influence neurocognitive performance and clinical recovery following sport-related concussion.
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