Kitti Intuyod1,2, Chariya Hahnvajanawong3, Porntip Pinlaor2,4, Somchai Pinlaor5,2. 1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 2. Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 4. Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 5. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand psomec@kku.ac.th.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: The antiparasitic drug, ivermectin (IVM), exerts anticancer activities in diverse cancer types. However, its anticancer activity against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially the drug-resistant phenotype, has not yet been explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IVM was tested for its anticancer activity against gemcitabine-sensitive (KKU214) and gemcitabine-resistant (KKU214GemR) CCA cell lines in vitro using the sulforhodamine B and clonogenic assays as well as cell-cycle analysis. RESULTS: IVM treatment inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation of both KKU214 and KKU214GemR in a dose- and time-dependent manner. KKU214GemR cells were more sensitive than KKU214 to IVM treatment. IVM treatment caused S-phase cell-cycle arrest and also cell death as indicated by an increase of sub-G0/G1 population in KKU214GemR cells treated with IVM for 48 h. CONCLUSION: IVM exerts anti-CCA activities and gemcitabine-resistant KKU214GemR cells are more sensitive to IVM treatment. Thus, IVM might be useful as an alternative treatment for CCA, especially in patients who do not respond to gemcitabine. Copyright
BACKGROUND/AIM: The antiparasitic drug, ivermectin (IVM), exerts anticancer activities in diverse cancer types. However, its anticancer activity against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially the drug-resistant phenotype, has not yet been explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IVM was tested for its anticancer activity against gemcitabine-sensitive (KKU214) and gemcitabine-resistant (KKU214GemR) CCA cell lines in vitro using the sulforhodamine B and clonogenic assays as well as cell-cycle analysis. RESULTS: IVM treatment inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation of both KKU214 and KKU214GemR in a dose- and time-dependent manner. KKU214GemR cells were more sensitive than KKU214 to IVM treatment. IVM treatment caused S-phase cell-cycle arrest and also cell death as indicated by an increase of sub-G0/G1 population in KKU214GemR cells treated with IVM for 48 h. CONCLUSION: IVM exerts anti-CCA activities and gemcitabine-resistant KKU214GemR cells are more sensitive to IVM treatment. Thus, IVM might be useful as an alternative treatment for CCA, especially in patients who do not respond to gemcitabine. Copyright
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