Louisa van den Boom1, Beate Karges2, Marie Auzanneau3,4, Birgit Rami-Merhar5, Eggert Lilienthal6, Simone von Sengbusch7, Nicolin Datz8, Carmen Schröder9, Thomas Kapellen10, Markus Laimer11, Sebastian M Schmid4,12, Heiko Müller13, Johannes Wolf14, Reinhard W Holl3,4. 1. Division of Pediatric Diabetes, Clementine Children's Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. 2. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany bkarges@ukaachen.de. 3. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 4. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. 5. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 6. Department of Pediatrics, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. 7. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. 8. Diabetes Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital Auf Der Bult, Hannover, Germany. 9. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 10. Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 11. Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 12. Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. 13. Department of Pediatrics, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany. 14. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, St. Vincenz Hospital, Paderborn, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate temporal trends and contemporary use of insulin pump therapy and glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a population-based study, we analyzed the use of insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) from 1995 to 2017 in patients with type 1 diabetes identified from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) database in Germany and Austria. Patients were stratified by age, sex, migration background, and country. RESULTS: Among 96,547 patients with type 1 diabetes (median age 17.9 years, 53% males), the percentage using insulin pump therapy increased from 1% in 1995 to 53% in 2017, with the highest rates in the youngest patients (92% in preschoolers, 74% in children, 56% in adolescents aged <15 years, 46% in adolescents aged ≥15 years, 37% in adults). The percentage of patients using CGM increased from 3% in 2006 to 38% in 2017, with the highest rates in the youngest patients (58%, 52%, 45%, 33%, and 15% of respective age-groups). Daily SMBG frequencies increased from 1995 to 2016 and decreased afterward, most prominently in the youngest patients. Between 2015 and 2017, pump therapy was more frequently used in female versus male adolescents and adults (all P < 0.001), while no sex differences were observed for pump use in children <10 years (all P = 1.0) and for CGM use in all age-groups (all P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Since 1995, insulin pump use has continuously increased, and insulin pump therapy is now standard in patients aged <15 years. CGM use sharply rose in recent years, particularly in young children.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate temporal trends and contemporary use of insulin pump therapy and glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a population-based study, we analyzed the use of insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) from 1995 to 2017 in patients with type 1 diabetes identified from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) database in Germany and Austria. Patients were stratified by age, sex, migration background, and country. RESULTS: Among 96,547 patients with type 1 diabetes (median age 17.9 years, 53% males), the percentage using insulin pump therapy increased from 1% in 1995 to 53% in 2017, with the highest rates in the youngest patients (92% in preschoolers, 74% in children, 56% in adolescents aged <15 years, 46% in adolescents aged ≥15 years, 37% in adults). The percentage of patients using CGM increased from 3% in 2006 to 38% in 2017, with the highest rates in the youngest patients (58%, 52%, 45%, 33%, and 15% of respective age-groups). Daily SMBG frequencies increased from 1995 to 2016 and decreased afterward, most prominently in the youngest patients. Between 2015 and 2017, pump therapy was more frequently used in female versus male adolescents and adults (all P < 0.001), while no sex differences were observed for pump use in children <10 years (all P = 1.0) and for CGM use in all age-groups (all P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Since 1995, insulin pump use has continuously increased, and insulin pump therapy is now standard in patients aged <15 years. CGM use sharply rose in recent years, particularly in young children.
Authors: Katarina Braune; Rayhan A Lal; Lenka Petruželková; Gary Scheiner; Per Winterdijk; Signe Schmidt; Linda Raimond; Korey K Hood; Michael C Riddell; Timothy C Skinner; Klemens Raile; Sufyan Hussain Journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Date: 2021-11-13 Impact factor: 32.069
Authors: Karishma A Datye; Daniel R Tilden; Angelee M Parmar; Eveline R Goethals; Sarah S Jaser Journal: Curr Diab Rep Date: 2021-05-15 Impact factor: 4.810
Authors: Ananta Addala; Marie Auzanneau; Kellee Miller; Werner Maier; Nicole Foster; Thomas Kapellen; Ashby Walker; Joachim Rosenbauer; David M Maahs; Reinhard W Holl Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2020-09-16 Impact factor: 19.112