Xiaoqin Liu1, Søren Dalsgaard2, Trine Munk-Olsen3, Jiong Li4, Rosalind J Wright5, Natalie C Momen6. 1. The National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Business and Social Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: lxq@econ.au.dk. 2. The National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Business and Social Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; CIRRAU-The Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway. 3. The National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Business and Social Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark. 4. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA. 6. The National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Business and Social Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intrauterine exposure to maternal asthma or asthma exacerbations increases the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Using Danish register data, this cohort study comprised of 961,202 live singletons born in Denmark during 1997-2012. Children were followed to a maximum of 20.0 years from birth until the first of ADHD-diagnosis/prescription, emigration, death, or 31 December 2016. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between maternal or paternal asthma, asthma exacerbations and offspring ADHD. RESULTS: During 11.4 million person-years of follow-up, 27,780 (2.9%) children were identified as having ADHD. ADHD risk was increased among offspring born to asthmatic mothers (hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36-1.46) or asthmatic fathers (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.18). Antenatal antiasthma medication treatment did not increase offspring ADHD. However, higher risks were observed among offspring of mothers with asthma exacerbations compared with children of asthmatic mothers with no exacerbations: HR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00-1.25) for pre-pregnancy exacerbations; 1.21 (95% CI: 1.00-1.47) for exacerbations during pregnancy; and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08-1.44) for exacerbations after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: These results support theories regarding shared genetic and environmental risk factors having a role in the development of ADHD.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intrauterine exposure to maternal asthma or asthma exacerbations increases the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Using Danish register data, this cohort study comprised of 961,202 live singletons born in Denmark during 1997-2012. Children were followed to a maximum of 20.0 years from birth until the first of ADHD-diagnosis/prescription, emigration, death, or 31 December 2016. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between maternal or paternal asthma, asthma exacerbations and offspring ADHD. RESULTS: During 11.4 million person-years of follow-up, 27,780 (2.9%) children were identified as having ADHD. ADHD risk was increased among offspring born to asthmatic mothers (hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36-1.46) or asthmatic fathers (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.18). Antenatal antiasthma medication treatment did not increase offspring ADHD. However, higher risks were observed among offspring of mothers with asthma exacerbations compared with children of asthmatic mothers with no exacerbations: HR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00-1.25) for pre-pregnancy exacerbations; 1.21 (95% CI: 1.00-1.47) for exacerbations during pregnancy; and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08-1.44) for exacerbations after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: These results support theories regarding shared genetic and environmental risk factors having a role in the development of ADHD.
Authors: Stephen V Faraone; Tobias Banaschewski; David Coghill; Yi Zheng; Joseph Biederman; Mark A Bellgrove; Jeffrey H Newcorn; Martin Gignac; Nouf M Al Saud; Iris Manor; Luis Augusto Rohde; Li Yang; Samuele Cortese; Doron Almagor; Mark A Stein; Turki H Albatti; Haya F Aljoudi; Mohammed M J Alqahtani; Philip Asherson; Lukoye Atwoli; Sven Bölte; Jan K Buitelaar; Cleo L Crunelle; David Daley; Søren Dalsgaard; Manfred Döpfner; Stacey Espinet; Michael Fitzgerald; Barbara Franke; Manfred Gerlach; Jan Haavik; Catharina A Hartman; Cynthia M Hartung; Stephen P Hinshaw; Pieter J Hoekstra; Chris Hollis; Scott H Kollins; J J Sandra Kooij; Jonna Kuntsi; Henrik Larsson; Tingyu Li; Jing Liu; Eugene Merzon; Gregory Mattingly; Paulo Mattos; Suzanne McCarthy; Amori Yee Mikami; Brooke S G Molina; Joel T Nigg; Diane Purper-Ouakil; Olayinka O Omigbodun; Guilherme V Polanczyk; Yehuda Pollak; Alison S Poulton; Ravi Philip Rajkumar; Andrew Reding; Andreas Reif; Katya Rubia; Julia Rucklidge; Marcel Romanos; J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Arnt Schellekens; Anouk Scheres; Renata Schoeman; Julie B Schweitzer; Henal Shah; Mary V Solanto; Edmund Sonuga-Barke; César Soutullo; Hans-Christoph Steinhausen; James M Swanson; Anita Thapar; Gail Tripp; Geurt van de Glind; Wim van den Brink; Saskia Van der Oord; Andre Venter; Benedetto Vitiello; Susanne Walitza; Yufeng Wang Journal: Neurosci Biobehav Rev Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 9.052