Stephen V Faraone1, Tobias Banaschewski2, David Coghill3, Yi Zheng4, Joseph Biederman5, Mark A Bellgrove6, Jeffrey H Newcorn7, Martin Gignac8, Nouf M Al Saud9, Iris Manor10, Luis Augusto Rohde11, Li Yang12, Samuele Cortese13, Doron Almagor14, Mark A Stein15, Turki H Albatti16, Haya F Aljoudi17, Mohammed M J Alqahtani18, Philip Asherson19, Lukoye Atwoli20, Sven Bölte21, Jan K Buitelaar22, Cleo L Crunelle23, David Daley24, Søren Dalsgaard25, Manfred Döpfner26, Stacey Espinet27, Michael Fitzgerald28, Barbara Franke29, Manfred Gerlach30, Jan Haavik31, Catharina A Hartman32, Cynthia M Hartung33, Stephen P Hinshaw34, Pieter J Hoekstra35, Chris Hollis36, Scott H Kollins37, J J Sandra Kooij38, Jonna Kuntsi39, Henrik Larsson40, Tingyu Li41, Jing Liu42, Eugene Merzon43, Gregory Mattingly44, Paulo Mattos45, Suzanne McCarthy46, Amori Yee Mikami47, Brooke S G Molina48, Joel T Nigg49, Diane Purper-Ouakil50, Olayinka O Omigbodun51, Guilherme V Polanczyk52, Yehuda Pollak53, Alison S Poulton54, Ravi Philip Rajkumar55, Andrew Reding56, Andreas Reif57, Katya Rubia58, Julia Rucklidge59, Marcel Romanos60, J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga61, Arnt Schellekens62, Anouk Scheres63, Renata Schoeman64, Julie B Schweitzer65, Henal Shah66, Mary V Solanto67, Edmund Sonuga-Barke68, César Soutullo69, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen70, James M Swanson71, Anita Thapar72, Gail Tripp73, Geurt van de Glind74, Wim van den Brink75, Saskia Van der Oord76, Andre Venter77, Benedetto Vitiello78, Susanne Walitza79, Yufeng Wang12. 1. Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA. Electronic address: sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org. 2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist's Representative, Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany. 3. Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 4. Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China. 5. Clinical & Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology & Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia. 7. American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Division of ADHD and Learning Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 8. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, MUHC, Montreal, Canada; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada. 9. Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia. 10. Chair, Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel; Co-chair of the neurodevelopmental section in EPA (the European Psychiatric Association), France. 11. Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 12. Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China. 13. Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 14. University of Toronto, SickKids Centre for Community Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada. 15. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA. 16. Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia. 17. King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia. 18. Clinical Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia. 19. Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. 20. Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Science, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Kenya; African College of Psychopharmacology, Kenya; African Association of Psychiatrists, Kenya. 21. Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 22. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 23. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Dept. of Psychiatry, Brussel, Belgium; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 24. Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech Mental Health MedTech Cooperative & Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (CANDAL), Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 25. National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark. 26. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany. 27. Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA), Canada. 28. Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 29. Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Professional Board, ADHD Europe, Belgium. 30. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: manfred.gerlach@uni-wuerzburg.de. 31. Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 32. University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; ADHD Across the Lifespan Network from European College of Neuropsychopharmacology(ECNP), the Netherlands. 33. Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA. 34. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. 35. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands. 36. Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK. 37. Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA. 38. Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUMc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; PsyQ, The Hague, the Netherlands; European Network Adult ADHD, the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France. 39. Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 40. School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. 41. Growth, Development and Mental Health Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Research Center for Clinical Medicine of Child Health and Disease, Chongqing, China; The Subspecialty Group of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, China. 42. Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; The Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China; The Asian Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, China. 43. Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel; Israeli Society of ADHD, Israel; Israeli National Diabetes Council, Israel. 44. Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Midwest Research Group, St Charles, MO, USA. 45. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Attention Deficit Association (ABDA), Brazil. 46. School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 47. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 48. Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Pediatrics, Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 49. Center for ADHD Research, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. 50. University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier Saint Eloi, MPEA, Medical and Psychological Unit for Children and Adolescents (MPEA), Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1018 CESP-Developmental Psychiatry, France. 51. Centre for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 52. Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. 53. Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel. 54. Brain Mind Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia. 55. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India. 56. USA. 57. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Psychiatric Association, Germany. 58. World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany. 59. School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. 60. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany. 61. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands. 62. Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 63. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 64. University of Stellenbosch Business School, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Special Interest Group for Adult ADHD, South Africa; The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group Management Guidelines for ADHD, South Africa; World Federation of Biological Psychiatry, Germany; American Psychiatric Association, USA; Association for NeuroPsychoEconomics, USA. 65. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. 66. Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India. 67. The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Northwell Health, Hemstead, NY, USA; Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), USA; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; National Center for Children with Learning Disabilities (NCLD), USA. 68. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 69. American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany; Louis A. Faillace MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. 70. University of Zurich, CH, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH, Switzerland; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. 71. Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. 72. Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK. 73. Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan. 74. Hogeschool van Utrecht/University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 75. Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 76. Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European ADHD Guidelines Group, Germany. 77. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 78. University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 79. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
Authors: Shuyang Yao; Ralf Kuja-Halkola; Joanna Martin; Yi Lu; Paul Lichtenstein; Claes Norring; Andreas Birgegård; Zeynep Yilmaz; Christopher Hübel; Hunna Watson; Jessica Baker; Catarina Almqvist; Laura M Thornton; Patrik K Magnusson; Cynthia M Bulik; Henrik Larsson Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2019-05-15 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Alessio Bellato; John Perna; Preethi S Ganapathy; Marco Solmi; Andrea Zampieri; Samuele Cortese; Stephen V Faraone Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2022-08-05 Impact factor: 13.437
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Authors: Dian-Jeng Li; Yi-Lung Chen; Ray C Hsiao; Hsiu-Lin Chen; Cheng-Fang Yen Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-28 Impact factor: 3.390