Amita Mahajan1, Lois E Donovan2, Rachelle Vallee3, Jennifer M Yamamoto4,5. 1. Department of Medicine - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 2. Department of Medicine - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine - University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 3. Diabetes in Pregnancy Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine - University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. jennifer.yamamoto@ucalgary.ca. 5. Cumming School of Medicine, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, University of Calgary, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, AB, T2T 5C7, Canada. jennifer.yamamoto@ucalgary.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the latest evidence for dietary interventions for treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). RECENT FINDINGS: High-quality systematic reviews demonstrate no major advantages between the low-carbohydrate or calorie-restricted diets. However, the low glycemic index (GI) diet, characterized by intake of high-quality, complex carbohydrates, demonstrated lower insulin use and reduced risk of macrosomia in multiple reviews. Recent evidence suggests the Mediterranean diet is safe in pregnancy, though trials are needed to determine its efficacy over conventional dietary advice. Currently, there are insufficient data to support the safety of the ketogenic diet for the treatment of GDM. The low GI diet may improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in GDM. The liberalized carbohydrate intake is less restrictive, culturally adaptable, and may improve long-term maternal adherence. Further research is needed to establish the optimal, most sustainable, and most acceptable medical nutrition therapy for management of women with GDM.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the latest evidence for dietary interventions for treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). RECENT FINDINGS: High-quality systematic reviews demonstrate no major advantages between the low-carbohydrate or calorie-restricted diets. However, the low glycemic index (GI) diet, characterized by intake of high-quality, complex carbohydrates, demonstrated lower insulin use and reduced risk of macrosomia in multiple reviews. Recent evidence suggests the Mediterranean diet is safe in pregnancy, though trials are needed to determine its efficacy over conventional dietary advice. Currently, there are insufficient data to support the safety of the ketogenic diet for the treatment of GDM. The low GI diet may improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in GDM. The liberalized carbohydrate intake is less restrictive, culturally adaptable, and may improve long-term maternal adherence. Further research is needed to establish the optimal, most sustainable, and most acceptable medical nutrition therapy for management of women with GDM.
Entities:
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes; Ketogenic diet; Low glycemic index diet; Low-carbohydrate diet; Medical nutrition therapy; Pregnancy
Authors: Shin Y Kim; Lucinda England; Hoyt G Wilson; Connie Bish; Glen A Satten; Patricia Dietz Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2010-04-15 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Boyd E Metzger; Lynn P Lowe; Alan R Dyer; Elisabeth R Trimble; Udom Chaovarindr; Donald R Coustan; David R Hadden; David R McCance; Moshe Hod; Harold David McIntyre; Jeremy J N Oats; Bengt Persson; Michael S Rogers; David A Sacks Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2008-05-08 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Richard D Feinman; Wendy K Pogozelski; Arne Astrup; Richard K Bernstein; Eugene J Fine; Eric C Westman; Anthony Accurso; Lynda Frassetto; Barbara A Gower; Samy I McFarlane; Jörgen Vesti Nielsen; Thure Krarup; Laura Saslow; Karl S Roth; Mary C Vernon; Jeff S Volek; Gilbert B Wilshire; Annika Dahlqvist; Ralf Sundberg; Ann Childers; Katharine Morrison; Anssi H Manninen; Hussain M Dashti; Richard J Wood; Jay Wortman; Nicolai Worm Journal: Nutrition Date: 2014-07-16 Impact factor: 4.008
Authors: Mark B Landon; Catherine Y Spong; Elizabeth Thom; Marshall W Carpenter; Susan M Ramin; Brian Casey; Ronald J Wapner; Michael W Varner; Dwight J Rouse; John M Thorp; Anthony Sciscione; Patrick Catalano; Margaret Harper; George Saade; Kristine Y Lain; Yoram Sorokin; Alan M Peaceman; Jorge E Tolosa; Garland B Anderson Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2009-10-01 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Teri L Hernandez; Julie P Sutherland; Pamela Wolfe; Marybeth Allian-Sauer; Warren H Capell; Natalie D Talley; Holly R Wyatt; Gary D Foster; James O Hill; Robert H Eckel Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2010-01-27 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Cristina Moreno-Castilla; Marta Hernandez; Merce Bergua; Maria C Alvarez; Maria A Arce; Karen Rodriguez; Montserrat Martinez-Alonso; Montserrat Iglesias; Magdalena Mateu; Maria D Santos; Linda R Pacheco; Yolanda Blasco; Eva Martin; Nuria Balsells; Nuria Aranda; Didac Mauricio Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2013-04-05 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Vikkie A Mustad; Dieu T T Huynh; José M López-Pedrosa; Cristina Campoy; Ricardo Rueda Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-01-31 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Ana Zaragoza-Martí; Nuria Ruiz-Ródenas; Irene Herranz-Chofre; Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo; Verónica de la Cruz Serrano Delgado; Jose Antonio Hurtado-Sánchez Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2022-03-31