Responses of seeds of typical Brassica crops to tetracycline stress: Sensitivity difference and source analysis.

Antibiotics can induce adverse effects on plants. Brassica crop seeds, for their advantages, are used widely in seed germination test to investigate phytotoxicity of substances. However, their performances on evaluating antibiotics remain to be studied to select sensitive species for control of potential risks. In this work, common species of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), edible rape (Brassica napus L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) with three cultivars each were selected to compare and analyze the sensitivity difference of their seeds to tetracycline (TC) stress. Results showed that the ratio of axis to cotyledon (RAC) by fresh weight was an alternative endpoint besides radicle length (RL) in the test. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on the effective concentrations causing x% inhibition (ECx) in RL of seeds exposed to TC was applied to compare the sensitivity of seeds and estimate the hazardous concentration for x% species (HCx). From the species-dependent sensitivity and the sensitivity difference of cultivars in the same species of seeds to TC, the performance of Chinese cabbage was the best in the study. The sensitivity of seeds to TC could be evaluated by EC20 related to seed physical traits and germination indices, while the extent of seeds affected by TC could be evaluated by EC50 related to the composition of seed storage reserves. We recommended that it was a new idea to analyze responses of different seeds to TC at large scale according to seed innate characteristics.